{"id":"kakarot","version":1,"language":"en","title":"Kakarot","hidden":false,"content":"**Kakarot** is an [L2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) zkEVM developed in Cairo. It focuses on scaling [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) and introducing community-driven features like native account abstraction. Elias Tazartes and Clement Walter are the co-founders, co-CEOs, and co-CTOs of Kakarot. [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-hazr6jkshs9) $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](t57fk1vyMLE)$$  \n  \n# Overview  \n  \nCreated in October 2022, Kakarot is a zkEVM implemented in Cairo, the provable language utilized by [Starknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) and [StarknetOS](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) chains (also known as CairoVM chains or [Starknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) appchains). Serving as an [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum)-compatible [Layer 2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) solution or [zkRollup](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zk-rollup), Kakarot prioritizes compatibility and aims to innovate within the [L2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) space. It introduces native account abstraction to the [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm), leveraging Cairo's capability to generate execution traces and Stark Proofs. This allows Kakarot to process numerous transactions, consolidate them into a single proof, and verify them on [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), effectively operating as an [L2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) zkEVM. [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-hazr6jkshs9)[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-u10zsqobsc8)  \n  \nIn Kakarot zkEVM, the core [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) implementation operates on a [StarknetOS](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) chain powered by CairoVM, where [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) are deployed as unique [Starknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract). Users interact with Kakarot through an [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum)-compatible RPC layer, shielding the underlying CairoVM chain from direct user interaction. This design ensures all Cairo execution traces are provable, allowing Kakarot to batch blocks and submit proofs to [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) Layer 1 using the Starkware Shared Prover (SHARP). Future implementations like Lambdaclass' Stark Platinum Prover promise enhanced security through multi-proof capabilities. [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-hazr6jkshs9)[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-u10zsqobsc8)  \n  \nUnder the hood, each [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) [smart contract](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) and user-owned account (EOA) in Kakarot is represented as a [Starknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) [smart contract](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract), with specific mappings and functionalities transparent to users. Transactions are wrapped in [Starknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) transactions, maintaining integrity through provable processing via Cairo's signature verification. While Kakarot adopts Pedersen hash for state roots and MPT computations for efficiency and [zk](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zero-knowledge-proofs-zkps)-friendliness, these details do not affect [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) compatibility at the functional level. [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-hazr6jkshs9)[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-u10zsqobsc8) $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](s6yfENiqiBY)$$  \n  \n## CairoVM  \n  \nThe CairoVM is a virtual machine designed for provable execution. It serves as the core of [Starknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet), a [Layer 2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) validity [rollup](https://iq.wiki/wiki/rollup) on [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum). By representing execution through polynomials, the CairoVM enables every transaction on [Starknet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/starknet) to be validated using STARKs. This requires developers to use Cairo, the associated programming language, to build [decentralized applications (dApps)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application). [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-hazr6jkshs9)[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-u10zsqobsc8) ![kakarot_L2.webp](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmNbgUFkP1i8CLfcHgJugeZHqLJTynUhBCBf12ABy4TtBY)  \n  \n# Technology  \n  \n## Precompiles  \n  \nPrecompiles in Kakarot are predefined [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) with specific addresses that offer specialized functionalities. Unlike regular [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) bytecode, these contracts are executed directly by the Kakarot client using Cairo, aiming to handle computationally intensive tasks efficiently. They enable complex functions and facilitate interactions between Layer 1 (L1) and [Layer 2 (L2)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) of [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum). Kakarot supports existing [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) precompiles and introduces additional precompiles tailored for [L2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) operations, allowing [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) to invoke them akin to Solidity function calls. [\\[3\\]](#cite-id-mxpdkj1xiaf)  \n$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](5BndqgugKOU)$$  \n  \n# Partnerships  \n  \n## Investors  \n  \nKakarot raised $1 million in pre-seed funding, and Starkware and Lambda Ventures led the investment round. Notable angels included [Vitalik Buterin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/vitalik-buterin), Nicolas Bacca (Co-founder of Ledger), and Rand Hindi (CEO of Zama). [\\[4\\]](#cite-id-r6ihv39pex)  \n  \n## Viper Network  \n  \nOn May 20th, 2024, Viper Network announced its first chain integration via a strategic partnership with Kakarot zkEVM. The collaboration aimed to offer trustless and high-performance access to Kakarot’s [zkRollup](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zk-rollup) technology through Viper’s decentralized infrastructure network. [\\[5\\]](#cite-id-08x5s5aaf9o9)","summary":"Kakarot is an L2 zkEVM in Cairo, scaling Ethereum via zkRollup with features like native account abstraction by founders Elias Tazartes and Clement Walter.","categories":[{"id":"cryptocurrencies","title":"Cryptocurrencies"}],"promoted":0,"tags":[{"id":"Ethereum"},{"id":"Blockchains"}],"metadata":[{"id":"references","value":"[{\"id\":\"hazr6jkshs9\",\"url\":\"https://docs.kakarot.org/architecture/understanding-kakarot\",\"description\":\"Under the Hood | Kakarot Docs\",\"timestamp\":1719245609873},{\"id\":\"u10zsqobsc8\",\"url\":\"https://blog.kakarot.org/kakarot-an-intro-to-the-first-modular-zkevm-cd6ea45019f1\",\"description\":\" An Intro to Kakarot | Medium\",\"timestamp\":1719246012660},{\"id\":\"mxpdkj1xiaf\",\"url\":\"https://docs.kakarot.org/architecture/cairo-precompiles\",\"description\":\"Precompiles | Kakarot Docs\",\"timestamp\":1719246142049},{\"id\":\"r6ihv39pex\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@ctom36693/introducing-kakarot-protocol-the-cornerstone-of-zk-evm-adoption-on-the-starknet-blockchain-00d909b3cb0c\",\"description\":\"Introducing Kakarot Protocol | Medium\",\"timestamp\":1719246188347},{\"id\":\"08x5s5aaf9o9\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@vipernet/viper-network-partners-with-kakarot-zkevm-eb718f2fa099\",\"description\":\"Kakarot x Viper Network\",\"timestamp\":1719246225564}]"},{"id":"website","value":"https://www.kakarot.org/"},{"id":"twitter_profile","value":"https://x.com/KakarotZkEvm"},{"id":"youtube_profile","value":"https://www.youtube.com/@kakarotzkevm"},{"id":"commit-message","value":"changed category & added tag"},{"id":"previous_cid","value":"QmUDGxNp3SgKxJpfnBeimyiGtArt7kjH2AzFgTmWPt9CDz"}],"user":{"id":"0x212Cb3F4aE6611054637f9f78F18fB628AD258bb"},"author":{"id":"0xacb6c5AD52b8f605299B0d774CE97F26e3DB80c2","profile":{"username":"JSD","avatar":""}},"media":[{"name":"t57fk1vyMLE","id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t57fk1vyMLE","size":"0","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"name":"s6yfENiqiBY","id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s6yfENiqiBY","size":"0","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"name":"5BndqgugKOU","id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5BndqgugKOU","size":"0","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"name":"kakarot_L2.webp","id":"QmNbgUFkP1i8CLfcHgJugeZHqLJTynUhBCBf12ABy4TtBY","size":"0.10","type":"GALLERY","source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"name":"kakarot_rpc-455b6dc0f7174cf493b1327dd472d521.png","id":"QmU91D4n9PPGUmH3JWWzZhhghXqDp1VHv5pSCQGyjX51Rr","size":"0.18","type":"GALLERY","source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"name":"kakarot_zkevm-398f058d7679cb3be919fd1259b4fa97.png","id":"QmWxxM3QPEEuvjJCjKS1Zt782sTURrCYCXKAAizFYVzVdF","size":"0.69","type":"GALLERY","source":"IPFS_IMG"}],"views":46,"events":[{"title":"Kakarot Created","description":"An Intro to Kakarot","type":"CREATED","date":"2022-10","link":"https://blog.kakarot.org/kakarot-an-intro-to-the-first-modular-zkevm-cd6ea45019f1","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null}],"linkedWikis":{"founders":[],"blockchains":[]},"ipfs":"QmUDGxNp3SgKxJpfnBeimyiGtArt7kjH2AzFgTmWPt9CDz","transactionHash":"0x9717f6e319923ed5f50f5e857c8f18212e7a91bc4aaf8dbf624c4877cc1c8581","created":"2024-06-24T17:01:04.333Z","updated":"2024-06-27T14:54:09.929Z","images":[{"id":"QmZuwSSccubGDLS8RKKBy7HEJr6fkgqnoW5Wj3jYbMFodP","type":"image/jpeg, image/png"}]}