{"id":"aptos","title":"Aptos","content":"**Aptos** is a [Layer 1](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-1) [proof-of-stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake) [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) infrastructure developed on a combination of system securities, [smart contract](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) design, decentralization, consensus & performance technologies. It uses a parallel execution engine (Block-STM)  — a Byzantine Fault-Tolerant ([BFT](https://iq.wiki/wiki/byzantine-fault-tolerance)) [PoS](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-stake) [consensus mechanism](https://iq.wiki/wiki/consensus-mechanism) that provides a greater speed of processing transactions. [\\[5\\]](#cite-id-d35etwgm7mp)[\\[19\\]](#cite-id-jx5lgy2ccl)[\\[4\\]](#cite-id-itd8ukdbje)\n\n$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](https://youtube.com/watch?v=vJXn7n2799c)$$\n\n## History\n\nAptos was founded by [Mo Shaikh](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mo-shaikh) (CEO) and [Avery Ching](https://iq.wiki/wiki/avery-ching) (CTO) — two ex-Meta (formally Facebook) employees in 2021. Both founders previously worked together on Diem — a [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) project at Meta and joined hands to develop Aptos Labs after the Diem project was discontinued by Facebook. [\\[3\\]](#cite-id-ek6iab3x0fo)\n\nPrior to Aptos' [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) launch in October 2022, Aptos ran a [testnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/testnet) campaign - Aptos Incentivized Testnet (AIT) in May divided into four stages (AIT1, AIT2, AIT3, and AIT4). The campaign incentivized developers, node operators, and auditors to launch applications and stress-test the network. At the end of the testnets, Aptos onboarded over 100 projects, including Solrise Finance, Pontem Network, PayMagic, and MartianDAO. [\\[19\\]](#cite-id-jx5lgy2ccl)\n\nAptos [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) runs on Move — a [smart contract](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) programming language that was developed for Diem. [\\[9\\]](#cite-id-8lzncsg8cee)\n\nAptos raised up to 400 million dollars before its full launch on 17th October 2022, led by notable investors - Binance Labs, Jump Crypto, a16z, ParaFi Capital, Oak HC/FT, Circle Ventures, Apollo, Franklin Templeton Investments, Tess Ventures, Superskrypt, and Griffin Gaming Partners. [\\[25\\]](#cite-id-7wcxfigel89)\n\nThe [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) was tagged '[Solana](https://iq.wiki/wiki/solana) killer' due to its potential to surpass [Solana](https://iq.wiki/wiki/solana) with its possible ability to create a blockchain well-suited to [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract). [\\[6\\]](#cite-id-zuvk8ntbjzj)\n\n$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](jsnblE6jXxQ)$$\n\n## Aptos Technology\n\nThe Aptos data model enables flexible key management and hybrid custodial options. The [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) leverages a pipeline and modular approach for key stages of transaction processing like block metadata ordering, transaction dissemination, parallel transaction execution, batch storage, and ledger certification which all operate concurrently. Aptos parallel execution ensures that all transactions are performed simultaneously and validated later. The approach is different from a [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) like [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) which processes transactions sequentially.\n\nThe [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) is experimenting with future initiatives that would scale beyond individual validator performance: modular design and parallel execution engine support internal sharding of a validator and homogenous state sharding provides potential for horizontal throughput scalability without introducing more complexity for node operators. [\\[5\\]](#cite-id-d35etwgm7mp) [\\[10\\]](#cite-id-o6rw42w48)\n\n## Tokenomics\n\nThe initial supply of the governance token of the blockchain-APT at the [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) launch on October 12, 2022 was 1 billion tokens. The distribution is mainly between the Community which was allocated 51.02% of initial tokens, Core contributors; 19.00%, Foundation; 16.50% and Investors; 13.48% of initial tokens.\n\nThis makes up 49% of the total token supply allocated to the team and the investors of the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) and this fanned a controversy on [crypto](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) Twitter as the transparency of the blockchain was questioned. [\\[13\\]](#cite-id-91y11nfu9wa) [\\[11\\]](#cite-id-ngutahrivop)\n\nThese tokens are anticipated to be distributed over a ten-year period:\n\n* 125,000,000 APT to support ecosystem projects, grants, and other community growth initiatives now and in the future for the Community category.\n* 5,000,000 APT to support the Aptos Foundation initiatives for the Foundation category.\n* 1/120 of the remaining tokens for the community and the Foundation are anticipated to unlock each month for the next ten years.\n\nThe total token supply is estimated to grow to over 1.5 billion tokens in the next ten years. [\\[12\\]](#cite-id-ijwrh9dtvcr)\n\n## Aptos' Blockchain Explorers\n\nAptos' [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) transactions and chain analytics can be explored with Aptoscan or Apscan. Similar to BscScan, Aptos' activities can be monitored by tracking transactions, validator activities, and account information. The total amount of APT staked, current supply, gas price, and FDV can also be viewed. [\\[14\\]](#cite-id-th6kwgm2ni) [\\[15\\]](#cite-id-l4e8kquu4l) [\\[16\\]](#cite-id-d0famxtqh4) [\\[17\\]](#cite-id-9zo1xnnwn5p)\n\n## Staking\n\nAnyone can participate in the Aptos consensus process if they [stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) sufficient utility coins, i.e., place their utility coin into escrow. To encourage validators to participate in the consensus process, each [validator's](https://iq.wiki/wiki/validator) vote weight is made proportionate to the amount of validator's stake. In exchange, the validator is rewarded in proportion to the amount of validator's stake. The required minimum amount for staking is 1M APT tokens.\n\n#### Minimum and maximum stake​\n\nStakers must stake the required minimum amount to join the [validator](https://iq.wiki/wiki/validator) set, and may not exceed the maximum [stake](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) amount. If their staked amount exceeds the maximum, their voting power and rewards will be calculated using the maximum amount. Stakers are allowed to withdraw part of the stake and leave their balance below the minimum, in which case their stake pool will be removed from the validator set at the start of the next epoch.\n\n#### How to stake on Aptos\n\nAptos [staking](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) is possible by running a [validator](https://iq.wiki/wiki/validator) [node](https://iq.wiki/wiki/node) or staking to a validator node. Aptos validators earn staking rewards for performing their duties, which they then share with their stakers. [\\[12\\]](#cite-id-ijwrh9dtvcr)\n\n## Governance\n\nAptos governance is a process where community members can create and vote on proposals that can reduce the cost of [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) upgrades.\n\n#### Scope of proposals on Aptos governance\n\n* Changes on the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) parameters;\n* Changes to the core blockchain code;\n* Upgrades to the Aptos Framework modules for fixing bugs or enhancing the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) functionality;\n* Deploying new framework modules.\n\nTo be able to propose or vote on the Aptos [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), the proposer or voter must stake and the proposer or voter's backing stake pool must have the minimum required proposer stake. [\\[20\\]](#cite-id-rbo4nhwces)\n\n## Partnerships\n\nOn 15th November 2022, Aptos announced a partnership with Korean Triple-A gaming studio; NPIXEL. The partnership aims to improve gamer experience with features such as low-latency production [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), technical safeguards for gamers, high fidelity experience, and asset portability. [\\[24\\]](#cite-id-rdo7475xtvm)\n\nOn 17th November 2022, the Network announced another partnership with Google Cloud revealing that; Google Cloud is running a validator on Aptos, Aptos Labs will use Google Cloud for internal development operations and collaborate with Google Cloud to facilitate the running of Aptos [nodes](https://iq.wiki/wiki/node) and [decentralized applications](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application) (dApps) on the platform, Aptos Foundation and Google Cloud are launching an accelerator program to provide [Web3](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3) entrepreneurs and developers with APT and Google Cloud credits, Google Cloud will index the Aptos chain and provide the data to developers via BigQuery and lastly, the partnership will enable both parties co-host hackathons and events globally to help decentralized developer communities come together to collaborate and tackle shared challenges.\n\nThe [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) also partnered with Pontem Network on 25th October 2022, for Pontem to develop open-source products like [AMMs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/automated-market-maker), [wallet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency-wallet), and developer tooling for the Aptos ecosystem. [\\[26\\]](#cite-id-lnl8gxhsz9)[\\[27\\]](#cite-id-h2tkcg36rfl) [\\[23\\]](#cite-id-g3dfpobpo9n)\n\n## Events\n\nNPIXEL and the Aptos Dev Hub Korea hosted a physical event on 18th, November 2022 to mark the partnership with METAPIXEL and facilitate networking with ecosystem enthusiasts. [\\[21\\]](#cite-id-ydi3rz7gvo8)[\\[22\\]](#cite-id-81kjt80m993)\n\n## Leadership Transition at Aptos Labs\n\nIn December 2024, Aptos Labs underwent a leadership transition following the resignation of its co-founder and then Chief Executive Officer, [Mo Shaikh](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mo-shaikh). The departure was publicly disclosed through a social media statement, in which Shaikh noted his intention to pursue new initiatives. He also indicated a continued, though reduced, involvement in the Aptos ecosystem.\n\nFollowing this change, [Avery Ching](https://iq.wiki/wiki/avery-ching), also a co-founder of Aptos Labs, was appointed as the new CEO. Prior to this role, Ching served as the company's Chief Technology Officer and was involved in the technical development of the Aptos blockchain. Both Ching and Shaikh previously collaborated on the Diem blockchain project, which was initially developed under the Meta (formerly Facebook) umbrella before being discontinued.\n\nThe leadership restructuring took place as Aptos Labs continues to develop its [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) infrastructure and expand the application of its technology across various sectors, including gaming, finance, and decentralized social platforms. The change in executive leadership aligns with the organization’s internal efforts to redefine strategic responsibilities and operational direction. [\\[28\\]](#cite-id-ttDfjP0BxW) [\\[29\\]](#cite-id-BH9vLqH0v9) [\\[30\\]](#cite-id-0SkihcPOWM)","summary":"Aptos is a layer-1 proof-of-stake blockchain infrastructure built on the Move programming language for developers to create applications securely and swiftly.","images":[{"id":"QmZwsnnTw5KXo98cwJY6jCVSSbpHqXetZpwDP4JxzFgw4p","type":"image/jpeg, 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