{"id":"core-dao","title":"Core Chain","content":"**The Core Blockchain (Core Chain)** is a [Layer 1](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-1) [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) powered by [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) and compatible with the [Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm). Its notable feature is a novel consensus mechanism called Satoshi Plus, which combines Delegated [Proof of Work](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-work-pow) (DPoW) and [Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/delegated-proof-of-stake-dpos). [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-zcv38lve3wa)\n\n$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](s79WQiJaknc)$$\n\n## Overview\n\nLaunched on January 14th, 2023, the Core Blockchain (Core Chain) is a layer one [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) powered by [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) and compatible with the [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) Virtual Machine (EVM). Its distinguishing feature is the Satoshi Plus [consensus mechanism](https://iq.wiki/wiki/consensus-mechanism), amalgamating Delegated [Proof of Work](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-work-pow) (DPoW) and [Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/delegated-proof-of-stake-dpos). This mechanism addresses the blockchain trilemma, which posits that a [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) cannot simultaneously achieve decentralization, security, and scalability. By leveraging the Bitcoin hash rate and DPoS consensus, Core seeks to enhance security, scalability, and decentralization. As the first to implement Satoshi Plus, Core [DAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dao) seeks to catalyze broader adoption of [Web3](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3) by fostering necessary network effects. [\\[2\\]](#cite-id-xlxjqf6fmap)\n\n$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](fPSzmHYDlZE)$$\n\n### Core DAO\n\nThe Core team oversees the Core [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) via control of the [DAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dao). However, future plans entail gradually decentralizing governance, with CORE token holders entrusted to foster and uphold a community aligned with the project's vision. The [DAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dao) envisions three developmental stages for decentralization: Off-chain governance, wherein resolutions are passed with a majority of DAO voters; Limited on-chain governance, facilitating changes to fixed parameters through on-chain voting; and ultimately, Full on-chain governance. [\\[2\\]](#cite-id-xlxjqf6fmap)\n\n## Technology\n\n### Satoshi Plus\n\nThe Satoshi Plus mechanism integrates the hash power of [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) miners with Core [validators](https://iq.wiki/wiki/validator) to synchronize blocks between the [BTC](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc) miner and Core network. Alongside, [DPoS](https://iq.wiki/wiki/delegated-proof-of-stake-dpos) consensus enables token holders to vote and select validators, fostering small holders' participation in network governance. Validator selection involves a complex formula encompassing [PoW](https://iq.wiki/wiki/proof-of-work-pow) and DPoS mechanisms, with the top 21 [validators](https://iq.wiki/wiki/validator) elected for 200 blocks. Misbehavior leads to slashing and jailing mechanisms. Blocks are mined every 10 minutes, akin to the Bitcoin network. Rewards are distributed among validators and the System Reward Contract, with 90% allocated to validators and the remainder to relayers and verifiers. [\\[2\\]](#cite-id-xlxjqf6fmap)\n\n![CORE2.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmVn5AuLR9JCXENDSNLVuyA85ZMQwGYy2b1ciSxmyQfVUf)\n\n### CoreScan\n\nCoreScan is the CORE [blockchain's](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) official [blockchain explorer](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block-explorer), API, and analytics platform. The CoreScan Open APIs have been created to ensure fair access to Core's [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) data. They enable developers to directly utilize CoreScan's [block explorer](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block-explorer) data and services through standard GET and POST requests. These APIs are offered as a community service without warranty, allowing users to access what they require without unnecessary limitations. [\\[3\\]](#cite-id-yzedufqj72)\n\n### Non-Custodial BTC Staking\n\nNon-Custodial [BTC](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc) [Staking](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) offers a secure and decentralized approach for [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) holders to earn rewards. Users can lock their Bitcoin holdings through a time-bound mechanism within the original Bitcoin network, enabling active participation in the Core [blockchain's](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) [consensus mechanism](https://iq.wiki/wiki/consensus-mechanism) while staking. This mechanism is called CLTV timelocks, a Bitcoin-native cryptographic feature setting conditions for transaction outputs. Rather than relinquishing custody of their bitcoins, stakers on Core [DAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dao) place their bitcoins in CLTV timelocks within a transaction, which can be configured to return the output after a specified time. Stakers include a script in the transaction with details such as the Core Validator address and the address for receiving CORE token rewards. By delegating their Bitcoin to vote for Validators on Core Chain, Bitcoin stakers earn CORE token rewards, making their otherwise passive Bitcoin holdings productive. This non-custodial implementation of BTC Native Staking enables users to keep their BTC assets on the Bitcoin network while staking, thereby expanding Bitcoin's utility and incentivizing stakers. [\\[4\\]](#cite-id-le5qjk54x8)\n\n$$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](XUYFD10sm7s)$$\n\n### Core Bridge\n\nThe Core Bridge, fueled by [LayerZero](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layerzero), facilitates smooth asset transfers between Core and other [blockchains](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain). It comprises LayerZero contracts on Core for cross-chain transfers and bridge/token contracts deployed on both Core and connected blockchains, ensuring seamless interoperability across the blockchain ecosystem. [\\[5\\]](#cite-id-brmwr8o424)\n\n#### coreBTC\n\ncoreBTC is a native [wrapped Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wrapped-bitcoin-wbtc) on the Core Chain, maintaining a 1:1 peg with [BTC](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc) via a secured and trustless mechanism. This enables [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) users to seamlessly engage with the [DeFi](https://iq.wiki/wiki/defi) space on the [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm)-compatible Core Chain using their BTC assets, thereby expanding Bitcoin's utility within DeFi while preserving its security features. In contrast to centralized wrapped tokens like [WBTC](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wrapped-bitcoin-wbtc), which require a custodian to hold the underlying Bitcoin, coreBTC operates on a decentralized infrastructure involving permissionless participants such as Lockers, Guardians, and Liquidators. This decentralized model enhances security and integrity, aligning with the blockchain's decentralized ethos and mitigating risks associated with central custodians. [\\[6\\]](#cite-id-ulr5bvj7upb)\n\n![coreBTC.png](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmR5iUL7KXQHTBTRPTg7ny5gHLB1JC2djoBVWNzpUmPrqK)\n\n## CORE\n\nCORE, the native [utility token](https://iq.wiki/wiki/utility-token) on the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), plays a crucial role in [staking](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) and covering [gas](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gas) fees. With a total supply of 2.1 billion, CORE follows a token model similar to [Bitcoin's](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin). Like [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), a portion of block rewards and gas fees will be [burned](https://iq.wiki/wiki/token-burn). The emission schedule spans 81 years to attract Bitcoin miners to delegate their hash power to the network after the expected decrease in [mining](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mining) rewards around 2040. [\\[2\\]](#cite-id-xlxjqf6fmap)\n\n### Tokenomics\n\nCORE had the following allocation: [\\[2\\]](#cite-id-xlxjqf6fmap)\n\n* **Node Mining**: 839.9 million CORE tokens (39.995% of total supply), distributed over 81 years;\n* **Users**: 525.6 million CORE tokens (25.029% of total supply), with the first [airdrop](https://iq.wiki/wiki/airdrop) in February 2023;\n* **Contributors (Existing and Future)**: 315 million CORE tokens (15% of total supply);\n* **Reserves**: 210 million CORE tokens (10% of total supply);\n* **Treasury**: 199.5 million CORE tokens (9.5% of total supply);\n* **Relayer Rewards**: 10 million CORE tokens (0.476% of total supply).\n\n### stCORE\n\nIntroduced in January 2024, stCORE aims to improve the functionality of the CORE token and streamline the [staking](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) procedure, offering token holders more flexibility and efficiency. While staking CORE assists in network security, it traditionally restricts token holders from engaging with various [DeFi](https://iq.wiki/wiki/defi) protocols due to the inability to transact tokens. However, this limitation has been overcome with Liquidity Staking Tokens, unlocking [liquidity](https://iq.wiki/wiki/pol-proof-of-liquidity) for staked tokens and enabling their utilization in diverse interactions within the DeFi ecosystem. Essentially, [liquid staking](https://iq.wiki/wiki/liquid-staking) enhances liquidity for staked tokens, building upon existing frameworks. [\\[7\\]](#cite-id-7bd7zjgf6r2)\n\n## Partnerships\n\n### XLink\n\nOn April 29th, 2024, [XLink](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xlink), a [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) bridge from [ALEX LAB Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/alex), launched on Core Chain. [XLink](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xlink) gives users seamless access to various [DeFi](https://iq.wiki/wiki/defi) services on the Core Chain. [\\[8\\]](#cite-id-eugdfiuz5jv)\n\n### Pyth\n\nOn November 14th, 2023, [Pyth Price Feeds](https://iq.wiki/wiki/pyth-network) became accessible on Core, marking a notable infrastructure expansion. Recognizing the pivotal role of infrastructure in maintaining a robust [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) ecosystem, incorporating [Pyth](https://iq.wiki/wiki/pyth-network) into Core's existing [oracle](https://iq.wiki/wiki/oracle) networks enables developers to construct more sophisticated protocols. This enhancement instills users with increased confidence in the efficiency of applications running on Core. [\\[9\\]](#cite-id-7t8xzndx6ea)\n\n### Ankr\n\nOn November 13th, 2023, Core announced its integration with [Ankr](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ankr), a leading [Web3](https://iq.wiki/wiki/web3) infrastructure provider, to offer Core-specific Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs). With access to [Ankr's](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ankr) reputable RPC endpoints, developers can ensure seamless and high-speed performance for their [decentralized applications (dApps)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application). [\\[10\\]](#cite-id-fqnwscc2rv)\n\n### SushiSwap\n\nOn August 2nd, 2023, Core [DAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dao) announced the full integration of [SushiSwap](https://iq.wiki/wiki/sushiswap), a highly regarded [decentralized exchange](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-exchange) in the [crypto](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) space, onto Core. The integration of SushiSwap introduces concentrated [liquidity pools](https://iq.wiki/wiki/liquidity-pool), cross-chain swaps, and a [DEX](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-exchange) aggregator, aiming to provide users with optimal quotes across various token pairs, thereby empowering them within the ecosystem. [\\[11\\]](#cite-id-xx2g2ca1g7k)\n\n### OKX\n\nOn March 9th, 2023, Core [DAO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dao) announced its strategic partnership with [OKX](https://iq.wiki/wiki/okx) to broaden product integration and collaborate with the CORE community, including [staking](https://iq.wiki/wiki/staking) agreements and improved compatibility with Core [dApps](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized-application). [\\[12\\]](#cite-id-qry7il5tdld)","summary":"Core is a layer one blockchain, powered by Bitcoin and compatible with Ethereum Virtual Machine, implementing a unique Satoshi Plus consensus mechanism.","images":[{"id":"QmVYi5czjoDwDtnufAv3e2GpdxrGpMkRxyfukzPJA6ucmR","type":"image/jpeg, image/png"}],"categories":[{"id":"defi","title":"Decentralized Finance"}],"tags":[{"id":"Blockchains"},{"id":"Protocols"}],"media":[{"id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s79WQiJaknc","size":"0","name":"s79WQiJaknc","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPSzmHYDlZE","size":"0","name":"fPSzmHYDlZE","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUYFD10sm7s","size":"0","name":"XUYFD10sm7s","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"id":"QmR5iUL7KXQHTBTRPTg7ny5gHLB1JC2djoBVWNzpUmPrqK","size":"0.07","name":"coreBTC.png","type":"GALLERY","source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"id":"QmSmGMfEx1ubtP133ECya1p6dEpgEgekPgu1ibM6j6uPqC","size":"0.05","name":"COREnomics.png","type":"GALLERY","source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"id":"QmVn5AuLR9JCXENDSNLVuyA85ZMQwGYy2b1ciSxmyQfVUf","size":"0.10","name":"CORE2.png","type":"GALLERY","source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"id":"QmedAeckPC9m9KUBH6kZ7zUsbQiPdmdk6Y5LBrG7pkyUkx","name":"Cópia de Design sem nome.png","caption":"","thumbnail":"QmedAeckPC9m9KUBH6kZ7zUsbQiPdmdk6Y5LBrG7pkyUkx","source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"id":"QmTKZwssHFg1yvNb6UcvDzcA2QipADJMriTde5GuZJZACX","name":"Logo_brand orange_black bg.png","caption":"","thumbnail":"QmTKZwssHFg1yvNb6UcvDzcA2QipADJMriTde5GuZJZACX","source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"id":"Qmbf7TffW6gPacX4TMRoR7pC555XBKDirUr8xNAWzupg1p","name":"brand orange_black bg.png","caption":"","thumbnail":"Qmbf7TffW6gPacX4TMRoR7pC555XBKDirUr8xNAWzupg1p","source":"IPFS_IMG"}],"metadata":[{"id":"references","value":"[{\"id\":\"zcv38lve3wa\",\"url\":\"https://docs.coredao.org/core-white-paper-v1.0.7\",\"description\":\"Core White Paper\",\"timestamp\":1714499347109},{\"id\":\"xlxjqf6fmap\",\"url\":\"https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/article/what-is-core-dao-features-and-tokenomics\",\"description\":\"What is Core DAO? | CoinMarketCap\",\"timestamp\":1714499513293},{\"id\":\"yzedufqj72\",\"url\":\"https://docs.coredao.org/developer/core-api/introduction-to-the-core-api\",\"description\":\"Intro to Core API | Core Docs\",\"timestamp\":1714499705854},{\"id\":\"le5qjk54x8\",\"url\":\"https://docs.coredao.org/developer/btc-native-staking/how-to-guides/non-custodial-btc-staking#how-it-works\",\"description\":\"Non-Custodial BTC Staking | Core Docs\",\"timestamp\":1714499833723},{\"id\":\"brmwr8o424\",\"url\":\"https://docs.coredao.org/developer/develop-on-core/bridging-with-core\",\"description\":\"Bridging with Core | Core Docs\",\"timestamp\":1714499864849},{\"id\":\"ulr5bvj7upb\",\"url\":\"https://docs.coredao.org/developer/develop-on-core/bridging-with-core/wrap-and-unwrap-corebtc\",\"description\":\"Wrap & Unwrap coreBTC | Core Docs\",\"timestamp\":1714499971478},{\"id\":\"7bd7zjgf6r2\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@core_dao/launching-liquid-staking-on-core-introducing-stcore-657171f52a9f\",\"description\":\"Liquid Staking on Core Chain | Medium\",\"timestamp\":1714500106426},{\"id\":\"eugdfiuz5jv\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@core_dao/introducing-xlink-a-gateway-to-bitcoin-defi-on-core-chain-bb1f354d8009\",\"description\":\"XLink x Core\",\"timestamp\":1714500130189},{\"id\":\"7t8xzndx6ea\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@core_dao/introducing-pyth-network-cores-latest-infrastructure-integration-07f0c5909408\",\"description\":\"Pyth x Core\",\"timestamp\":1714500184508},{\"id\":\"fqnwscc2rv\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@core_dao/core-is-now-supported-by-ankr-rpc-f522f108cbd0\",\"description\":\"Ankr x Core\",\"timestamp\":1714500208396},{\"id\":\"xx2g2ca1g7k\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@core_dao/sushiswap-is-live-on-core-ee6f67419e82\",\"description\":\"SushiSwap x Core\",\"timestamp\":1714500227986},{\"id\":\"qry7il5tdld\",\"url\":\"https://medium.com/@core_dao/core-dao-partners-with-okx-f70d0012e3e0\",\"description\":\"Core x OKX\",\"timestamp\":1714500253209}]"},{"id":"website","value":"https://coredao.org/"},{"id":"twitter_profile","value":"https://twitter.com/Coredao_Org"},{"id":"linkedin_profile","value":"https://www.linkedin.com/company/core-dao/mycompany/"},{"id":"youtube_profile","value":"https://www.youtube.com/@Core_DAO_Official"},{"id":"discord_profile","value":"https://discord.com/invite/coredaoofficial"},{"id":"telegram_profile","value":"https://t.me/CoreDAOTelegram"},{"id":"github_profile","value":"https://github.com/coredao-org"},{"id":"coinmarketcap_url","value":"https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/core-dao/"},{"id":"coingecko_profile","value":"https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/coredaoorg"},{"id":"medium_profile","value":"https://medium.com/@core_dao"},{"id":"contract_url","value":"https://scan.coredao.org/"},{"id":"previous_cid","value":"\"https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmbkwCoQ97Vpw7L3kdFqLcHjYs6xBL3NN9kTGYmn6wGpXP\""},{"id":"commit-message","value":"\"Republished wiki\""},{"id":"previous_cid","value":"QmbkwCoQ97Vpw7L3kdFqLcHjYs6xBL3NN9kTGYmn6wGpXP"}],"events":[{"id":"XhJI8e2dZi","date":"2023-01","title":"Core Dao Launch","type":"CREATED","description":"Core Launch and Info","link":"https://coinmarketcap.com/academy/article/what-is-core-dao-features-and-tokenomics","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null}],"user":{"id":"0x8af7a19a26d8fbc48defb35aefb15ec8c407f889"},"author":{"id":"0xacb6c5AD52b8f605299B0d774CE97F26e3DB80c2"},"language":"en","version":1,"linkedWikis":{"blockchains":["core-dao"],"founders":["cj-reim","brendon-sedo"],"speakers":[]}}