{"id":"jed-mccaleb","hidden":false,"ipfs":"QmecpH48CgfGZn1aqTK4UgjWGKBTEzAytnB2FjmQg4kGG7","language":"en","transactionHash":"0x5547a78a83d3a8177740690ad9475ad222e2ea7787e13a355647f12a0ec4735c","created":"2022-12-27T14:05:10.363Z","updated":"2024-03-01T01:14:10.141Z","title":"Jed McCaleb","summary":"Jed McCaleb is an American programmer and entrepreneur who created the Mt. Gox Bitcoin exchange, helped develop the XRP Ledger, co-founded Ripple and Stellar, and founded Astera Institute and Vast.","content":"**Jed McCaleb** is an American programmer and entrepreneur.[\\[14\\]](#cite-id-d5w6unqgaig) He created the Mt. Gox [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) exchange, helped develop the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger, co-founded the company that became [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs), and co-founded the [Stellar](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stellar) Development Foundation.[\\[27\\]](#cite-id-gi1fdu2ic6)​[\\[28\\]](#cite-id-wrf2nilf2s)​[\\[14\\]](#cite-id-d5w6unqgaig) He also founded Vast and Astera Institute, and Astera identifies him as Co-Founder and CEO of its Neuro & AGI work.[\\[6\\]](#cite-id-lrmtf7fnb0d)​[\\[14\\]](#cite-id-d5w6unqgaig)​[\\[21\\]](#cite-id-tkvr1ckldg)​\n\n## $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](aTqWbfDT1NY)$$\n\n\n## Early Life\n\nJed McCaleb was born on June 8, 1975, in Fayetteville, Arkansas.[[14]](#cite-id-d5w6unqgaig) A 2013 profile described him as from Little Rock, Arkansas.[[27]](#cite-id-gi1fdu2ic6) McCaleb has said he began programming as a child.[[6]](#cite-id-lrmtf7fnb0d)\n\n## Education\n\nMcCaleb attended the University of California, Berkeley, but left without graduating.[[27]](#cite-id-gi1fdu2ic6)\n\n## Career\n\nIn August 2000, McCaleb founded MetaMachine, a metadata browser that adds and edits captions, keywords, licenses, and image ownership. Through MetaMachine, he created the peer-to-peer eDonkey and eDonkey2000 applications, one of the largest file-sharing networks of its time. He ran MetaMachine until September 2005.[[14]](#cite-id-d5w6unqgaig) \n \nIn February 2007, Jed McCaleb founded Code Collective, an independent game development company where he worked as a programmer and designer. There, he created a turn-based strategy game called The Far Wilds, which was highly praised by IGN for its unique, interesting, and addictive gameplay. In 2009, due to other commitments, he was unable to continue running the game and decided to hand it over to a dedicated group of fans to manage and operate it for the community.[[15]](#cite-id-h0nui1r592h) \n \n\n### Mt. Gox\nIn 2010, McCaleb repurposed the Mtgox.com site and domain as a [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) exchange, writing code that enabled Bitcoin-to-dollar trades. He sold the site and exchange operation to Mark Karpelès in 2011, retaining a minority shareholding afterward.[[27]](#cite-id-gi1fdu2ic6)[[29]](#cite-id-pmkc68rcoi)\n\nAnswering a question on what was the moment when he realized he would enter the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) sphere, McCaleb said: \n \n> \"It was summer of 2010. I was winding down a project I was working on and just browsing the internet. I read some Slashdot article about [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin), got super excited about it. Two weeks later I had put up Mt. Gox.\"[[5]](#cite-id-inkwsrzznnj)\n\n### Ripple\nIn 2011, McCaleb, [Arthur Britto](https://iq.wiki/wiki/arthur-britto), and [David Schwartz](https://iq.wiki/wiki/david-schwartz) began developing the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger. The ledger launched in June 2012; afterward, McCaleb, Britto, and [Chris Larsen](https://iq.wiki/wiki/chris-larsen) formed a company initially named NewCoin, later OpenCoin and [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs). McCaleb was a co-founder and chief technology officer, and left his active role with the company in July 2013.[[28]](#cite-id-wrf2nilf2s)[[14]](#cite-id-d5w6unqgaig)\n\n### Stellar Development Foundation\nIn June 2014, McCaleb co-founded the non-profit organization the [Stellar](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stellar) Development [Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/foundation) (SDF) with Joyce Kim to develop an open-source protocol to allow cross-border monetary transactions including fiat digital currencies. The organization originally based its payment network on the [Ripple protocol](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) McCaleb previously developed. The original design of [Stellar](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stellar) was that anyone could have [fiat currencies](https://iq.wiki/wiki/fiat-money) and other forms of value run in parallel with each other and with crypto assets.[[5]](#cite-id-inkwsrzznnj)\n\nMcCaleb said in the article \"New Digital Currency Aims to Unite Every Money System on Earth\" published by the magazine \"WIRED\":[[11]](#cite-id-cfssdumxy1)\n\n> \"We adopted this model because we don't think internet infrastructure should be owned by any small group of people\"\n\nHe also argued in the article \"Could [Stellar](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stellar) be the answer to enable financial inclusion around the globe?\" published by the magazine \"Memeburn\" :[[12]](#cite-id-y7pw4t51obo)\n\n> \"Payments have not kept up with the internet. Money works fine in the developed world. The people who actually get screwed are the people who pay 10% remittances or those who can’t get a bank account.\"\n\nGenesis, a crypto lending firm that filed for bankruptcy in the Southern District of New York in January 2023, owes Stellar Development [Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/foundation) about $13.2 million. SDF is Genesis’ 42nd largest creditor.[[17]](#cite-id-fe5e4tgbabo)\n\nIn May 2020, McCaleb posted an opinion about the future of [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) on Reddit:\n\n> \"Here is why I think [blockchains](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) are (still) the answer to how we build a more dependable, accessible and connected world - It promotes interoperability and inclusion.\n>\n> A blockchain allows seemingly disparate systems to connect even though they don’t have a formal relationship with each other. While this might not sound very exciting, the socioeconomic impact is enormous. Because this connection means a world with over 180+ different monetary systems could work together on a single platform. That represents billions of people in the world being able to seamlessly transact and interact\".[[13]](#cite-id-teuvnu0rn5l)\n\n $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](r3RerOIQUdE)$$\n\n### Astera Institute\nIn August 2020, Jed McCaleb founded Astera Institute, a 501c3 non-profit that supports long-term scientific and technical research.[[14]](#cite-id-d5w6unqgaig)[[16]](#cite-id-0jc0psyfpr85) Astera’s stated current areas of focus are biological and artificial intelligence and AI-enabled life sciences.[[22]](#cite-id-hiohu3fr40)\n\nIn February 2026, Astera said it was sharpening its focus on biological and artificial intelligence and AI-enabled life sciences, with its technical divisions operating with greater autonomy.[[22]](#cite-id-hiohu3fr40) Astera identifies McCaleb as Co-Founder and CEO of its Neuro & AGI work.[[21]](#cite-id-tkvr1ckldg) It committed more than $1 billion in resources over the coming decade to its neuro-inspired AGI research effort. In February 2026, Astera named Dileep George Head of AI Research to lead the AGI division alongside the neuroscience work led by Chief Scientist Doris Tsao.[[23]](#cite-id-snwh1f6kko)[[21]](#cite-id-tkvr1ckldg)\n\n### Vast\nIn December 2021, McCaleb founded an aerospace company called Vast to build in-space human infrastructure and industry for the solar system through the world's first artificial and zero-gravity environment enabling long-term human productivity in space.[[6]](#cite-id-lrmtf7fnb0d)[[7]](#cite-id-dhq9fb9b91l)\n\nVast’s Haven Demo spacecraft achieved mission success on November 2, 2025, validating key systems in orbit. In 2025, Vast completed and tested Haven-1’s flight primary structure and docking system. Integration began in January 2026, with additional system and environmental testing planned at NASA’s Neil Armstrong Test Facility later that year. Vast’s latest reported schedule is readiness to launch Haven-1 in the first quarter of 2027 on a SpaceX Falcon 9. Haven-1 is a single-module crewed station and a stepping stone to the proposed multi-module Haven-2 and Vast’s goal of continuous human presence in low Earth orbit.[[24]](#cite-id-wos5lyt3hf) In March 2026, Vast raised $500 million in its first significant outside investment round for commercial space station development.[[26]](#cite-id-59nj50o582)\n\n $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](fwR5sSOSYhk)$$\n\n### Controversy\nAt one point, Jed McCaleb owned the original 9 billion [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) as a [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) founder, as well as [Stellar’s](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stellar) [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency), [Lumens (XLM)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stellar-xlm). McCaleb gradually sold his XRP into the [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) market. However, in 2015, Ripple accused McCaleb of violating an agreement that dictated the rate at which he could sell his XRP holdings.[[8]](#cite-id-def9grr5azr)\n\nIn 2016, the lawsuit concluded and McCaleb agreed to a sales restriction on his remaining XRP holding. The rate at which McCaleb was allowed to sell XRP was determined by the daily volume of the XRP market and increased on a yield basis. McCaleb also agreed to sell his equity in Ripple and donate 2 billion XRP to a charity of his choice.[[8]](#cite-id-def9grr5azr)\n\nIn 2019, McCaleb was hit with a lawsuit from two former Mr. Gox traders who alleged that he had fraudulently misrepresented the exchange and its level of safety when negotiating the sale of Mt. Gox to Mark Karpeles.[[9]](#cite-id-evg3vpc882)\n\nAccording to the complaint, the plaintiffs alleged that safety issues already existed at Mt. Gox as early as January 2011, when two security breaches led to the loss of thousands of Mt. Gox user's [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc). McCaleb was aware of the issue, but took no follow-up action and did not make the hack public. The complaints read:\n\n> \"Rather than inform the public that these users were not refunded, nor stay to repair the security issues, McCaleb sold a majority of his interest in Mt. Gox to Mark Karpeles.\"[[9]](#cite-id-evg3vpc882)\n\nAfter an eight-year dump of his Ripple holdings, McCaleb sold the last of the XRP held in his Tacostand wallet in July 2022 according to his ultimate agreement made in 2016. McCaleb’s agreement was intended to prevent price fluctuations.[[10]](#cite-id-lxomhy9xyes)\n\n## Philanthropy\n\nIn 2014, Jed McCaleb donated US$ 500,000 worth of [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) to the Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI) which became one of the largest single contributions in the institute's history.[[3]](#cite-id-810cn88tmd)[[4]](#cite-id-9uej7hqw2ze) \n \nIn February 2018, McCaleb was announced as a donor to the [artificial intelligence](https://iq.wiki/wiki/artificial-intelligence-ai) research group OpenAI.[[20]](#cite-id-w7b08x6jht) \n \nIn October 2023, Navigation Fund, a nonprofit organization funded by Jed McCaleb bought roughly $500 million of Nvidia (NVDA.O) advanced chips with plans to lease computing capacity to companies for [artificial intelligence](https://iq.wiki/wiki/artificial-intelligence-ai) projects. The AI cloud-computing organization and a subsidiary of Navigation Fund called Voltage Park, has 24,000 Nvidia H100 chips, Voltage Park CEO Eric Park told Reuters in an interview. The operation plans to offer long- and short-term, low-cost AI computing to help alleviate the shortage of AI chips.[[18]](#cite-id-d3mq7i43u2o)[[19]](#cite-id-vpud045sj5s) \n \n> \"It's our belief that basically the current ecosystem for machine learning is broken,\" - Park said[[18]](#cite-id-d3mq7i43u2o)\n\nIn April 2025, Voltage Park acquired TensorDock, a GPU cloud marketplace. In January 2026, Voltage Park merged with Lightning AI. The combined company operates under the Lightning AI name, combining Lightning AI’s development platform with Voltage Park’s GPU infrastructure and a fleet of more than 35,000 GPUs.[[25]](#cite-id-cta5ka6mi7)","recentActivity":null,"operator":{"id":"0x1E23b34d3106F0C1c74D17f2Cd0F65cdb039b138"},"categories":[{"id":"people","title":"people"}],"tags":[{"id":"Founder"},{"id":"Developer"}],"images":[{"id":"QmUqbPN2uz1nToxxKKpDUF16wc14c7vmVfsYueE3gpdq5T","type":"image/jpeg, image/png"}],"media":[{"name":"aTqWbfDT1NY","id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aTqWbfDT1NY","size":"0","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"name":"Vast.webp","id":"QmdVCoYx2yK1qdpVN6Gbtm4LGHU2bFd7qzrj5f6fnxJ8jx","size":"0.97","type":null,"source":"IPFS_IMG"},{"name":"fwR5sSOSYhk","id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fwR5sSOSYhk","size":"0","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"name":"OrpHfZcywJw","id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OrpHfZcywJw","size":"0","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"},{"name":"r3RerOIQUdE","id":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r3RerOIQUdE","size":"0","type":null,"source":"YOUTUBE"}],"linkedWikis":null,"events":[{"type":"DEFAULT","date":"2000-08-01","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null,"country":"","continent":"","title":"Founder, MetaMachine","description":"In August 2000, McCaleb founded MetaMachine, through which he developed eDonkey and eDonkey2000.","link":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/jed-mccaleb-4052a4/","id":"1a35db9b-9fbc-47f3-bee1-639cf9303354"},{"type":"DEFAULT","date":"2007-02-01","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null,"country":"","continent":"","title":"Founder, Code Collective","description":"In February 2007, McCaleb founded Code Collective, an independent game-development company, and worked on The Far Wilds.","link":"https://www.ign.com/articles/2008/10/29/journey-into-the-far-wilds","id":"08fd6d97-3385-4612-8033-26731d981b6a"},{"type":"DEFAULT","date":"2010-07-01","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null,"country":"","continent":"","title":"Founder, Mt. 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