{"id":"blockdag","title":"BlockDAG","content":"**BlockDAG** is a Layer 1 [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) project that utilizes a Proof-of-Work (PoW) [consensus mechanism](https://iq.wiki/wiki/consensus-mechanism). It integrates a traditional [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) structure with a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) architecture, a model inspired by projects such as [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) and [Kaspa](https://iq.wiki/wiki/kaspa). The stated goal is to achieve high transaction speeds and scalability while maintaining decentralization and security. The project operates through the legal entity Dag Systems Ltd, registered in Apia, Samoa.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n## Overview\n\nBlockDAG is a decentralized network designed to address the [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) trilemma of balancing security, scalability, and decentralization. The project's core innovation lies in its [hybrid](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hybrid) technological approach, which combines the security of a Proof-of-Work [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) with the [parallel](https://iq.wiki/wiki/parallel) processing capabilities of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG). This structure is intended to eliminate the issue of orphan blocks—valid blocks that are not incorporated into the main chain in traditional PoW systems—thereby improving network efficiency and throughput. At launch, the network's speed was 10 blocks per second, with a stated goal to increase capacity to over 100 blocks per second.  [\\[3\\]](#cite-id-6de04cd7-b31f-4de1-b1e0-a997eeac56ed) \n\nThe architecture supports both the Unspent Transaction Output (UTXO) model, which allows for scalable and private simple payments, and an account-based model compatible with the [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) Virtual Machine (EVM). This dual approach allows BlockDAG to facilitate fast payments via its UTXO layer while supporting complex smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) on its EVM-compatible layer. A UTXO-EVM bridge is provided to allow its native currency, BDAG, to be transferred between the two domains. \n\nThe project positions itself as a comprehensive ecosystem for developers and users. Its compatibility with the EVM allows developers to migrate existing [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum)-based dApps and use familiar tools like [MetaMask](https://iq.wiki/wiki/metamask) and Truffle. To further lower the barrier to entry for development, BlockDAG offers low-code and no-code tools, enabling individuals with limited programming experience to build applications on its network. A significant focus of the ecosystem is making [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) [mining](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mining) accessible to a wider audience through a range of hardware and software solutions, including a mobile application, the X1 Miner app, which has over 3 million users.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\nThe development and launch strategy for BlockDAG was characterized by an accelerated timeline, with the [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) launch phase beginning shortly after the conclusion of its presale. This approach was supported by a series of public keynote presentations and a live [testnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/testnet) environment that facilitated development and testing ahead of the full launch. The project has also emphasized transparency and security, engaging third-party firms for security audits of its platform and smart contracts.  [\\[3\\]](#cite-id-6de04cd7-b31f-4de1-b1e0-a997eeac56ed) \n\n## History\n\n### Presale Phase\n\nThe development of BlockDAG culminated in a public presale for its native BDAG coin. During this period, the project raised $452 million.  [\\[4\\]](#cite-id-de8d6afb-c29a-4e35-981a-d91ebdad0a89) The presale was structured in batches, with the price of the BDAG coin increasing with each subsequent batch. The project supported a wide range of cryptocurrencies for participation in the presale, including BTC, ETH, USDT, BNB, and [Solana](https://iq.wiki/wiki/solana), and integrated with popular crypto wallets like [MetaMask](https://iq.wiki/wiki/metamask) and [Trust Wallet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/trust-wallet).  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\nA key milestone in the project's pre-launch phase was the deployment of its [testnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/testnet), named \"[Testnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/testnet) Awakening.\" This environment provided developers with essential tools to begin building and experimenting on the network, including a [Block Explorer](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block-explorer), a faucet for obtaining [testnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/testnet) BDAG coins, and tools to simplify smart contract creation. This early access to development tools was part of the project's strategy to foster a robust developer community.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n### Launch and Token Distribution\n\nFollowing the presale, BlockDAG initiated its market launch. The airdrop and distribution of presale tokens began on February 11, 2026. For presale participants, 40% of purchased coins were unlocked at the Token Generation Event (TGE), with the remaining 60% vesting over three months at a rate of 20% per month. The project's staking and earn contract went live on February 19, 2026.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\nOn March 5, 2026, trading for the BDAG token began on centralized exchanges [LBank](https://iq.wiki/wiki/lbank), [BitMart](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitmart), and Coinstore. Futures trading followed on March 10, 2026, on the same platforms. The project expanded to decentralized exchanges (DEXs) on March 24, 2026, with listings on [Hyperliquid](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hyperliquid) and [dYdX](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dydx). As of March 2026, the project reported having over 312,000 token holders and a community of over 325,000 members in more than 130 countries.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n## Technology\n\nBlockDAG's technological foundation is a hybrid architecture that merges a conventional [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) with a [Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/directed-acyclic-graph-dag). This structure is designed to overcome the limitations of purely linear blockchains, where blocks are added one at a time, creating a bottleneck that limits transaction throughput.\n\n### Architecture\n\nIn the BlockDAG system, transactions are confirmed within a DAG structure, which allows for multiple blocks to be processed and confirmed simultaneously. At launch, the network was capable of processing 10 blocks per second, with a long-term goal of increasing this to over 100 blocks per second.  [\\[3\\]](#cite-id-6de04cd7-b31f-4de1-b1e0-a997eeac56ed) Unlike traditional PoW blockchains where miners compete to add the next single [block](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block) to the chain, the BlockDAG protocol allows for the concurrent creation of blocks, all of which can be incorporated into the ledger. This design prevents the creation of orphan blocks, ensuring that all valid work contributed by miners is recognized and rewarded, thereby improving network efficiency. The ordering of blocks within the DAG is managed by the Phantom GhostDAG protocol, which establishes a universally accepted linear order over time, ensuring consistency and security. [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n### Consensus Mechanism\n\nThe network is secured by a Proof-of-Work (PoW) [consensus mechanism](https://iq.wiki/wiki/consensus-mechanism). This model requires miners to solve complex computational puzzles to validate transactions and create new blocks, a process that provides robust security against malicious attacks. By building upon a PoW foundation, BlockDAG aims to inherit the proven security and decentralization characteristics of established cryptocurrencies like [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin). The consensus protocol is broken into several layers to establish a stable and secure total order of blocks. These layers include a PoW verification engine, the SPECTRE protocol for establishing a partial order on blocks, and the PHANTOM protocol (an implementation of GhostDAG) which extends the partial order into a final, total order. This layered approach allows the network to validate transactions quickly while maintaining the integrity and immutability of the ledger.\n\n### Features\n\nBlockDAG incorporates several features aimed at enhancing usability for both developers and end-users.\n\n* **EVM Compatibility:** The platform is fully compatible with the [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) Virtual Machine (EVM). This enables developers to deploy smart contracts written in [Solidity](https://iq.wiki/wiki/solidity) and use established [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) development tools without modification. It also facilitates the migration of existing dApps from the [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) ecosystem to BlockDAG.\n* **UTXO-EVM Bridge:** A core feature is the mechanism that allows the native BDAG coin to be transferred between the UTXO and EVM domains at a 1:1 ratio. To move coins from the EVM side to the UTXO side, a user initiates a \"burn\" of the coins on the EVM side. Once the burn is confirmed, an equivalent number of coins is unlocked on the UTXO side and assigned to the user. This process ensures assets are not duplicated while allowing for interoperability between the two models.\n* **Low-Code/No-Code Platform:** To encourage broader adoption and innovation, the project provides a platform that allows users to create and deploy applications with minimal to no programming knowledge. This is achieved through \"Drag & [Drop](https://iq.wiki/wiki/drop)\" tools and pre-built templates.\n* **WASM Compatibility:** The project's roadmap includes support for WebAssembly (WASM), planned for implementation at launch or shortly thereafter. This would allow developers to write smart contracts in a variety of common programming languages, such as C++, Rust, and Go, further expanding its developer accessibility.\n* **Fee Structure:** For EVM transactions, the fee structure is similar to Ethereum's [gas](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gas) model. For UTXO transactions, fees function like an auction, where users attach higher fees for higher priority. The project's [whitepaper](https://iq.wiki/wiki/white-paper) states an initial per-[transaction fee](https://iq.wiki/wiki/transaction-fee) of approximately $0.01, with 50% awarded to the miner and the remainder split between the network and the dApp that originated the transaction.\n\nThese features are designed to create a versatile and developer-friendly environment.\n\n## Tokenomics\n\nThe native [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency) of the BlockDAG network is the BDAG coin. It serves as the primary medium for transaction fees, miner rewards, and participation in the network's ecosystem.\n\n* **Total Supply:** The maximum total supply of BDAG is capped at 50 billion coins.\n* **Distribution Model:** The allocation of the total supply is structured to support the network's growth and decentralization. The distribution is as follows:\n\n  * **Community Allocation:** 35 billion BDAG (70% of total supply) are reserved for community and ecosystem initiatives. This is further divided into:\n\n    * **Miners:** 28 billion BDAG for [mining](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mining) rewards to incentivize network security.\n    * **Community Building & Ecosystem:** 5.25 billion BDAG for grants, partnerships, and other growth initiatives.\n    * **Liquidity Pool:** 1.75 billion BDAG set aside to provide liquidity on exchanges.\n  * **Presale:** 10 billion BDAG (20% of total supply) were allocated for the public presale. These tokens are subject to a vesting schedule, with 40% released at the Token Generation Event and the remaining 60% vesting over three months.\n  * **Team:** 1.5 billion BDAG (3% of total supply) are allocated to the core team. These tokens are locked to align the team's interests with the long-term success of the project.\n\nThis distribution model is designed to foster network security, community growth, and long-term development. Unsold tokens from the presale are held as treasury-controlled tokens.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n## Ecosystem\n\nBlockDAG's ecosystem is composed of a range of hardware and software products designed for [mining](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mining), financial transactions, and application development.\n\n### Mining Solutions\n\nA central component of the ecosystem is its focus on making [mining](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mining) accessible. The project offers both dedicated hardware rigs and software applications. The project reported having sold over 19,000 of its X-series hardware miners.\n\n* **BlockDAG X1 Miner App:** A mobile application available in beta for iOS and Android devices. It allows users to mine up to 20 BDAG coins per day from their smartphones without significant battery or data consumption. The project reported over 3 million users for the X1 app.\n* **BlockDAG TG TAP Miner:** An application integrated with the Telegram messaging platform, providing another avenue for mobile-based [mining](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mining).\n* **BlockDAG X10:** A compact, low-power [mining](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mining) rig designed for home use. Bulk deliveries are scheduled to begin on June 16, 2026.\n* **BlockDAG X30 & X100:** More powerful miners with higher hash rates designed for greater output. Shipping for these models was scheduled from April 16 to the end of May 2026. [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n### Financial Products\n\nThe project plans to introduce financial products to bridge the gap between its digital currency and traditional finance. The primary product announced is the **BlockDAG Payment Card**, a crypto payment card that will allow users to spend their BDAG and other cryptocurrencies at merchants worldwide.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n### Developer and Community Hub\n\nTo support its developer ecosystem, BlockDAG has established a hub with tools and programs. The \"Testnet Awakening\" provided a live environment with a Block Explorer, faucet, and development tools. The project also runs several community-focused initiatives to encourage participation and growth, including:\n\n* Hackathons\n* A grants program to fund promising projects\n* An ambassador program\n* A referral program offering bonuses for new users\n\nThese programs are intended to build a self-sustaining community of developers and users on the network.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n## Team\n\nBlockDAG has presented a publicly identified team with professional backgrounds in technology, finance, and management. Key members include:\n\n* **Nicolaas David van den Bergh (CEO / Founder):** Over 20 years of experience in media and digital industries, with an MBA from Oxford Brookes University.\n* **Jeremy Harkness (Chief Technology Officer):** Specializes in [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), artificial intelligence, and data systems.\n* **Dr. Prof. Youssef Khaoulaj (Chief Security Officer):** An expert in cybersecurity and smart contract auditing.\n* **Marcus Xavier (Head of Learning):** An instructional designer focused on educational content.\n* **Joshua Sack (Mining & Miners):** A specialist in Proof-of-Work technology and IT security.\n\nThe public identification of the team is part of the project's effort to build trust and transparency.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424) \n\n## Partnerships and Security\n\nBlockDAG has announced several strategic partnerships and undertaken security measures to enhance its credibility and market presence.\n\n### Partnerships and Listings\n\nBlockDAG has engaged in a multi-year partnership with the BWT Alpine Formula 1® Team to enhance its global brand visibility. The collaboration includes physical branding on the F1 team's car, on-track activations, and fan engagement activities. The partnership was strategically launched in Singapore, coinciding with the [Token2049](https://iq.wiki/wiki/token2049) conference and the Singapore Grand Prix, to maximize exposure to a global audience.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424)  Additionally, UFC Champion **Alex Pereira** was noted as having joined the project's promotional efforts.\n\nThe BDAG coin is live and trading on several centralized exchanges, including [MEXC](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mexc), [LBank](https://iq.wiki/wiki/lbank), XT.com, Coinstore, Pionex USA, and [BitMart](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitmart). The project is also listed on DEXs such as Uniswap, [PancakeSwap](https://iq.wiki/wiki/pancakeswap), [Hyperliquid](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hyperliquid), and [dYdX](https://iq.wiki/wiki/dydx), with plans for more listings on Tier 1 and U.S.-based exchanges.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424)  [\\[4\\]](#cite-id-de8d6afb-c29a-4e35-981a-d91ebdad0a89) \n\n### Security Audits\n\nTo ensure the security of its platform, BlockDAG has undergone audits from both internal and external teams. The project employs cryptographic techniques, including public/private key encryption and SHA-256 hashing, to secure transactions and data. Its PoW [consensus mechanism](https://iq.wiki/wiki/consensus-mechanism) provides resistance to Sybil and 51% attacks. The project completed a comprehensive internal audit and engaged two third-party cybersecurity firms for independent verification:\n\n* **Halborn:** A [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) security firm that completed a full audit of the project.\n* **Certik:** The project is in collaboration with Certik for further analysis of its smart contract security.\n\nIn addition to these formal audits, BlockDAG has implemented a community-driven bug bounty program to incentivize independent security researchers to identify and report potential vulnerabilities in its code.  [\\[1\\]](#cite-id-e7597566-1f93-4763-a290-9e4087b93424)  [\\[3\\]](#cite-id-6de04cd7-b31f-4de1-b1e0-a997eeac56ed) ","summary":"BlockDAG is a Layer 1, Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchain that integrates a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) architecture. 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