{"id":"runera","title":"Runera","content":"**Runera** is a [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [Layer 2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) protocol integrating [zero-knowledge proofs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zero-knowledge-proofs-zkps) and AI to support gaming applications while maintaining compatibility with the [Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm). It enables off-chain execution of complex computations, with verification mechanisms on [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) to ensure security and efficiency. [[3]](#cite-id-toaKhNOidx)\n\n# Overview\n\nRunera is a Gaming and AI protocol that utilizes [BRC-20](https://iq.wiki/wiki/brc-20) on [Bitcoin’s](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [Layer 2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2). It is designed to be fully compatible with the [Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) and enables native [BTC](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc) transactions for [gas](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gas) fees, linking [Bitcoin's](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) stability with [EVM's](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) adaptability.\n\nAs a [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [Layer 2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) solution, Runera incorporates the ZK Stark algorithm and Taproot script within a decentralized Gaming and AI framework. Due to [Bitcoin’s](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) constraints with complex computations, Runera processes [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) off-chain while verifying them on-chain using Taproot Script, similar to bitVM. The protocol also employs AI to translate high-level language programs into low-level opcodes, which can be represented as digital circuits and simulated on [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) when required.\n\nThis structure enables off-chain computation execution with selective on-chain verification, similar to [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) [Rollups](https://iq.wiki/wiki/rollup) like [Arbitrum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/arbitrum). Runera integrates zkEVM to generate [ZK Proofs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zero-knowledge-proofs-zkps), validated by off-chain [nodes](https://iq.wiki/wiki/node), reducing network load. The SVMZK scheme is implemented to enhance censorship resistance for sequencers. Runera emphasizes community participation, involving early users and ecosystem partners in decision-making. Its governance and [tokenomics](https://iq.wiki/wiki/tokenomics) structure aim to ensure transparency and long-term engagement. [[4]](#cite-id-NAZvxidiqv)\n\n# Technology\n\n## Gaming x AI\n\nRunera is developing a [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [ZK Rollup](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zk-rollup) [Layer 2](https://iq.wiki/wiki/layer-2) solution focusing on Gaming and AI, bridging theoretical advancements with practical applications. The development follows a phased approach:\n- **Alpha Mainnet Phase** aims to stabilize system operations, integrate [ZK Rollup](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zk-rollup) components, and incorporate Gaming and AI features.\n- **Mainnet Phase** transitions validation to Taproot scripts, converts off-chain Prover and Verifier components into circuits, implements Anti-Transaction Reordering using NZK, and expands AI capabilities for interactive [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) gaming.\n\n[Testnets](https://iq.wiki/wiki/testnet) are introduced at various stages to assess functionality and performance, ensuring system reliability before major updates. The technical architecture integrates Gaming and AI within the [ZK Rollup](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zk-rollup) framework to enhance [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain)-based gaming experiences. [[5]](#cite-id-lIl0IKv33v)\n\n## Commitment Verification\n\nIn Runera, Commitment ensures the integrity of off-chain transactions and state transitions. If a dispute arises, relevant data can be temporarily uploaded to the Bitcoin blockchain for verification, with Bitcoin nodes acting as arbiters.\n\nThe Proposer submits [Zero-Knowledge (ZK)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/zero-knowledge-proofs-zkps) circuit execution results to [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) for validation by the Verifier. To prevent irrelevant or random data submissions, a mechanism is required for [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [nodes](https://iq.wiki/wiki/node) to independently verify that uploaded off-chain data is relevant.\n\nCommitment is periodically published on the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), linking it to off-chain state transitions and transactions. It is a compact representation of extensive off-chain data, functioning similarly to a hash. [[6]](#cite-id-ljhNoHcv99)\n\n### Verification Process\n\nRunera verifies computations on [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) using a method similar to BitVM, employing [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) Script to simulate logic gate circuits. This approach enables executing complex virtual machine operations despite [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) Script’s non-Turing-complete nature.\n\nRunera’s system models processors as input-output systems composed of logic gate circuits. [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) Script replicates these effects, theoretically enabling the simulation of a Turing machine. Since [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) cannot directly verify [Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) opcodes, Runera compiles high-level language opcodes into logic gate circuits, which [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) Script then processes as an Intermediate Representation (IR) between [EVM](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum-virtual-machine-evm) and [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin).\n\nThe protocol utilizes the Bristol format to define circuit structures, detailing inputs, outputs, gate functions, and connections. This format standardizes logic gate circuit descriptions, ensuring clarity in computational verification.\n\nBy simulating computations this way, Runera enables secure and efficient verification of off-chain operations without requiring a fully Turing-complete system, maintaining integrity in state transitions and transaction processes. [[7]](#cite-id-9hAmaC5eyQ)\n\n## Taproot Scripts\n\nRunera utilizes two key scripts within its verification framework:\n- **Bit Commitments Taproot**: Verifies the Preimage Commitment submitted by the Proposer.\n- **Verification Taproot**: Confirms the correctness of the execution trace disclosed by the Proposer.\n\nBoth scripts incorporate a time-locked leaf which enforces time-based unlocking conditions for [UTXOs](https://iq.wiki/wiki/unspent-transaction-output-utxo):\n- **Bit Commitments Taproot**: Limits the Proposer’s timeframe for submitting proofs. The Verifier can spend the Taproot if the deadline is missed, signaling delayed data submission to third-party validators.\n- **Verification Taproot**: Ensures [UTXO](https://iq.wiki/wiki/unspent-transaction-output-utxo) unlocking upon expiration, preventing permanent fund locking in cases where the Proposer is not acting maliciously.\n\nUnlike interactive verification systems, Runera determines execution validity based on spending conditions and timing. If the bit commitments Taproot remains locked beyond the allowed period, it indicates potential malicious behavior. If the verification Taproot unlocks as expected, it confirms the execution trace's correctness. This system enables secure and transparent verification of off-chain computations on the Bitcoin blockchain. [[8]](#cite-id-Z1SViGYta9)\n\n# RUNERA Token\n\n![](https://ipfs.everipedia.org/ipfs/QmRhf2jsjJ97vgkkvv31yK1yfYiUwUpf43JNUcjDLJAJGf)\n\nRUNERA is the native token of the Runera ecosystem. It has a total supply of 10B tokens and has the following distribution: [[9]](#cite-id-E4DpaFXiXb)\n- **Ecosystem**: 40%\n- **Presale**: 15%\n- **Treasury**: 15%\n- **Team**: 10%\n- **Investor**: 10%\n- **Community Incentives**: 7%\n- **Advisor**: 3%","summary":"Runera is a Gaming x AI protocol utilizing BRC-20 on Bitcoin Layer 2, offering full EVM compatibility.","images":[{"id":"QmdLCGucaJgfQZVKH55zxDMRspp27roYc9Aj8XqxGKbRtd","type":"image/jpeg, image/png"}],"categories":[{"id":"dapps","title":"Dapps"}],"tags":[{"id":"Ethereum"},{"id":"Games"},{"id":"Developers"},{"id":"Blockchains"},{"id":"AI"}],"media":[{"id":"QmRhf2jsjJ97vgkkvv31yK1yfYiUwUpf43JNUcjDLJAJGf","name":"runera.png","source":"IPFS_IMG","thumbnail":"QmRhf2jsjJ97vgkkvv31yK1yfYiUwUpf43JNUcjDLJAJGf","caption":""}],"metadata":[{"id":"references","value":"[{\"id\":\"GJ7XQ05Zfk\",\"url\":\"https://t.me/Runera\\\\_channel\",\"description\":\"Official Telegram\",\"timestamp\":1742980597531},{\"id\":\"e7bKammj0V\",\"url\":\"https://x.com/Runera\\\\_io\",\"description\":\"Official Twitter\",\"timestamp\":1742980597531},{\"id\":\"toaKhNOidx\",\"url\":\"https://runera.io\",\"description\":\"Official Website\",\"timestamp\":1742980597531},{\"url\":\"https://runera-1.gitbook.io/runera\",\"description\":\"Runera Docs\",\"id\":\"NAZvxidiqv\",\"timestamp\":1743017221293},{\"url\":\"https://runera-1.gitbook.io/runera/runera/ai-x-gaming-x-bitcoin-overview/infrastructure\",\"description\":\"Infrastructure | Runera Docs\",\"id\":\"lIl0IKv33v\",\"timestamp\":1743017247072},{\"url\":\"https://runera-1.gitbook.io/runera/runera/ai-x-gaming-x-bitcoin-overview/how-bitcoin-verification-works\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin Verification | Runera Docs\",\"id\":\"ljhNoHcv99\",\"timestamp\":1743017419557},{\"url\":\"https://runera-1.gitbook.io/runera/runera/ai-x-gaming-x-bitcoin-overview/runeras-approach-to-verifying-computations-on-bitcoin\",\"description\":\"Runera's Approach | Runera Docs\",\"id\":\"9hAmaC5eyQ\",\"timestamp\":1743017443514},{\"url\":\"https://runera-1.gitbook.io/runera/runera/runera-scripts-and-taproot\",\"description\":\"Taproots and Scripts | Runera Docs\",\"id\":\"Z1SViGYta9\",\"timestamp\":1743017463032},{\"url\":\"https://runera-1.gitbook.io/runera/runera/tokenomics\",\"description\":\"Tokenomics | Runera Docs\",\"id\":\"E4DpaFXiXb\",\"timestamp\":1743017544208}]"},{"id":"commit-message","value":"Update Runera article: Revamped content to enhance clarity on gaming, AI integration, and tokenomics; updated media files."},{"id":"previous_cid","value":"QmVp16cDPdbmb9guTQABeDf8MEwsQGmW7uRtYXgh6VTKd2"}],"events":[],"user":{"id":"0xacb6c5AD52b8f605299B0d774CE97F26e3DB80c2"},"author":{"id":"0x8AF7a19a26d8FBC48dEfB35AEfb15Ec8c407f889"},"language":"en","version":1,"linkedWikis":{"blockchains":[],"founders":[],"speakers":[]}}