{"id":"satoshi-nakamoto","version":1,"language":"en","title":"Satoshi Nakamoto","hidden":false,"content":"**Satoshi Nakamoto** is the name used by the unknown person or people who designed [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) and created its original reference implementation. As part of the implementation, they also devised the first [blockchain](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain) database. In the process, they were the first to solve the [double-spending problem](https://iq.wiki/wiki/double-spending-problem) for digital currency. They were active in the development of [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc) up until December 2010.[[1]](#cite-id-ia82589d2hp)[[2]](#cite-id-lpnhlm48469)[[3]](#cite-id-fpy7k4k8pdn)[[4]](#cite-id-0eak33rsfabf) \n $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](mKtsM2vv0DA)$$ \n \n\n## History\nOn his P2P [Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/foundation) profile, Nakamoto claimed to be a man living in Japan, born on April 5, 1975. However, speculation about the true identity of Nakamoto has mostly focused on the identities of several cryptography and computer science experts of non-Japanese accents, living in the United States and Europe. As of May 24, 2017, Nakamoto was believed to own up to roughly one million [Bitcoins](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc) out of [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin)’s fixed maximum supply of 21 million coins (of which only a smaller portion had been mined and were in circulation by that time), with a value estimated at approximately USD 9 billion as of November 2017. He also owned an estimated one million [Bitcoin Cash](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-cash) coins as of the [hard fork](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hard-fork) on August 1, 2017, and one million [Bitcoin Gold](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-gold) coins as of the hard [fork](https://iq.wiki/wiki/fork) activated on October 24, 2017.[[5]](#cite-id-xeagq0o0ck)[[6]](#cite-id-mss7tndv1l)[[7]](#cite-id-f6hiudnv4tb)[[8]](#cite-id-2xy2mymfal7) Later on-chain analyses have continued to support the idea that a single early miner accumulated on the order of 1 million bitcoins, but researchers have emphasized that this remains circumstantial evidence and has not proved that the coins belong to Nakamoto personally.[[67]](#cite-id-zztrne3kql)\n\n## Bitcoin Development\nIn October 2008, Nakamoto published a paper on the cryptography mailing list at metzdowd.com describing the [Bitcoin ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc)digital currency. It was titled *[Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin): A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System*. In January 2009, Nakamoto released the first [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) software that launched the network and the first units of the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [cryptocurrency](https://iq.wiki/wiki/cryptocurrency). Satoshi Nakamoto released the Version 0.1 of [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) software on Sourceforge on 9 January 2009.[[9]](#cite-id-kloagjldbt)[[10]](#cite-id-r1g5qgs03kj)[[11]](#cite-id-nndkh797o4)[[12]](#cite-id-u2dbvnvpkz) \n \nNakamoto claimed that work on the writing of the code began in 2007. The inventor of Bitcoin knew that due to its nature, the core design would have to be able to support a broad range of transaction types. The implemented solution enabled specialized codes and data fields from the start through the use of a predictive script. \n \nNakamoto created a website with the domain name bitcoin.org and continued to collaborate with other developers on the Bitcoin software until mid-2010. Around this time, he handed over control of the source code repository and network alert key to [Gavin Andresen](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gavin-andresen), transferred several related domains to various prominent members of the Bitcoin community, and stopped his involvement in the project. Shortly before his absence and handover, Nakamoto made all modifications to the source code himself.[[13]](#cite-id-kzlauno3h1)[[14]](#cite-id-habdpas434j)[[15]](#cite-id-gebh08uw1v7)[[16]](#cite-id-n4zsa447kuc) \n \n[Gavin Andresen](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gavin-andresen) said of Nakamoto's code: \n \n> \"He was a brilliant coder, but it was quirky\". \n \nThe inventor left a text message in the first mined [block](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block) which reads 'The Times 3 January 2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks'. The text referred to a headline in The Times published on January 3, 2009. It was a strong indication that the first [block](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block) was mined no earlier than this date. The [genesis block](https://iq.wiki/wiki/genesis-block) has a timestamp of 18:15:05 [GMT](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gmt) on January 3, 2009. This [block](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block) was unlike all other [blocks](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block) in that it didn't have a previous block to reference. This required the use of custom code to mine it. [Timestamps](https://iq.wiki/wiki/timestamp) for subsequent blocks indicate that Nakamoto did not try to mine all the early blocks solely for himself. \n \nSatoshi himself was awarded [Bitcoin ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc)at genesis and for 10 days afterwards. Except for test transactions, these have remained unspent since mid-January 2009. The public Bitcoin transaction log shows that Nakamoto's known addresses contain roughly one million bitcoins. As of November 15, 2017, this was worth over $7,239,000,000. Due to the [hard fork](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hard-fork) in which [Bitcoin Cash](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-cash) was made, creating one [Bitcoin Cash](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-cash) for every Bitcoin in circulation, he also owned roughly one million [Bitcoin Cash](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-cash), worth about $1 billion.[[17]](#cite-id-6t20mtm1xk4)[[18]](#cite-id-ihgdqdy658)[[19]](#cite-id-hljxn7d8ytn)[[20]](#cite-id-ihdzbc3hy1h) \n \nIn his book \"Cloud Empires\", Vili Lehdonvirta, an Oxford University social scientist, book author, and former software developer positioned Nakamoto in a line of digital age libertarians, beginning with John Barlow, the cyberlibertarian “who dreamed of a virtual society in which order emerged independently of the authority of territorial states.” Nakamoto was viewed through a political scientist’s lens. Lehdonvirta wrote:[[55]](#cite-id-zg4o5ef6e3a) \n \n> “Nakamoto was not interested in making the institutions more democratic. Instead, he wanted to resuscitate the Barlowian dream of a digital social order that wouldn’t need such institutions in the first place — no bureaucrats, no politicians who inevitably betrayed their electorates’ trust, no elections rigged by corporations, no corporate overlords. Nakamoto still thought that such a social order could be created with technology — and in particular, with cryptographic technology.”\n\n## Characteristics and Identity\nNakamoto did not disclose any personal information when discussing technical matters. He provided some commentary on banking and fractional-reserve banking. On his P2P [Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/foundation) profile as of 2012, Nakamoto claimed to be a 37-year-old male who lived in Japan, but some speculated he was unlikely to be Japanese due to his use of perfect English and his [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) software not being documented or labeled in Japanese.[[21]](#cite-id-1ltrbgl9pi)[[22]](#cite-id-64bps7p9f7h)[[23]](#cite-id-kkc7bb80cl)[[24]](#cite-id-bpx1b94f80o) \n \nOccasional British English spelling and terminology (such as the phrase \"bloody hard\") in both source code comments and forum postings led to speculation that Nakamoto or at least one individual in the consortium claiming to be him, was of Commonwealth origin. \n \nStefan Thomas, a Swiss coder and active community member, graphed the time stamps for each of Nakamoto's [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) forum posts (more than 500); the resulting chart showed a steep decline to almost no posts between the hours of 5 a.m. and 11 a.m. Greenwich Mean Time. Because this pattern held even on Saturdays and Sundays, it suggested that Nakamoto was asleep at this time. If Nakamoto was a single individual with conventional sleeping habits, it suggested he resided in a region using the UTC−05:00 or UTC−06:00 time offset. This includes the parts of North America that fall within the Eastern Time Zone and Central Time Zone, as well as parts of Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. \n \nNakamoto's initial email to [Wei Dai](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wei-dai) was dated 22 August 2008; the dates implied 3 October 2008 or a bit over a month later, which was consistent with the local date mentioned in the Cypherpunk mailing list email. This was an earlier draft than the final draft, which was dated March 24, 2009; the time zone differs: -7 vs -6.[[25]](#cite-id-q1n40wo9l9)[[26]](#cite-id-546cmvel2c6)[[27]](#cite-id-nub2gbygbo)[[28]](#cite-id-dewrnbvzhy)\n\n### Possible Identities\n \nThere is still doubt about the real identity of Satoshi Nakamoto. \n \n\n#### Nick Szabo\n \n[Nick Szabo](https://iq.wiki/wiki/nick-szabo) is a computer engineer and legal scholar. He is credited with pioneering the concept of [smart contracts](https://iq.wiki/wiki/smart-contract) in a 1996 paper. In 2008, he conceptualized a decentralized currency he called Bit Gold, a precursor to [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc). He described Bit Gold as: \n \n> “a protocol whereby unforgeable costly bits could be created online with minimal dependence on trusted third parties.” \n \nThis is similar to the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) concept, whereby a series of bits created by a network of computers without a leader verifies and validates transactions.[[56]](#cite-id-qwlxja3w53g) \n \nIn December 2013, a blogger named Skye Grey linked [Nick Szabo](https://iq.wiki/wiki/nick-szabo) to the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [whitepaper](https://iq.wiki/wiki/white-paper) using a stylometric analysis. Szabo is a decentralized currency enthusiast and published a paper on \"bit gold\", which is considered a precursor to [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin). He is known to have been interested in using pseudonyms in the 1990s. In a May 2011 article, Szabo stated about the bitcoin creator: \n \n> \"Myself, [Wei Dai](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wei-dai), and [Hal Finney](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hal-finney) were the only people I know of who liked the idea (or in Dai's case his related idea) enough to pursue it to any significant extent until Nakamoto (assuming Nakamoto is not really Finney or Dai).\" \n \nDetailed research by financial author Dominic Frisby provided much circumstantial evidence but, as he admitted, no proof that Satoshi was Szabo. Speaking on RT's The Keiser Report, he said: \n \n> \"I've concluded there is only one person in the whole world that has the sheer breadth but also the specificity of knowledge and it is this chap...\". \n \nBut Szabo denied being Satoshi. In a July 2014 email to Frisby, he said: \n \n> \"Thanks for letting me know. I'm afraid you got it wrong doxing me as Satoshi, but I'm used to it'. Nathaniel Popper wrote in the *New York Times* that \"the most convincing evidence pointed to a reclusive American man of Hungarian descent named [Nick Szabo](https://iq.wiki/wiki/nick-szabo)\". \n \n\n#### Dorian Nakamoto\n \nIn a high-profile article in the magazine Newsweek on 6 March 2014, journalist Leah McGrath Goodman identified Dorian Prentice Satoshi Nakamoto, a Japanese American man living in California, whose birth name was Satoshi Nakamoto, as the Nakamoto in question. Besides his name, Goodman pointed out some facts that circumstantially suggested he was the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) inventor. Trained as a physicist at Cal Poly University in Pomona, Nakamoto worked as a systems engineer on classified defense projects and computer engineer for technology and financial information services companies. Nakamoto was laid off twice in the early 1990s and turned libertarian, according to his daughter, and encouraged her to start her own business \"not under the government's thumb.\" In the article's seemingly biggest piece of evidence, Goodman wrote that when she asked him about [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) during a brief in-person interview, Nakamoto seemed to confirm his identity as the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) founder by stating: \n \n> \"I am no longer involved in that and I cannot discuss it. It's been turned over to other people. They are in charge of it now. I no longer have any connection.\" \n \nThe article's publication led to a flurry of media interest, including reporters camping out near Dorian Nakamoto's house and briefly chasing him by car when he drove to an interview. However, during the subsequent full-length interview, Dorian Nakamoto denied all connection to Bitcoin, saying he had never heard of the currency before, and that he had misinterpreted Goodman's question as being about his previous work for military contractors, much of which was classified. In a Reddit \"ask-me-anything\" interview, he claimed he had misinterpreted Goodman's question as being related to his work for Citibank. Later that day, the pseudonymous Nakamoto's P2P [Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/foundation) account posted its first message in five years, stating: \"I am not Dorian Nakamoto.\" However, it was generally believed that Nakamoto's P2P [Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/foundation) account had been hacked, and the message was not sent by him.[[29]](#cite-id-ko3vrf7tbg)[[30]](#cite-id-l2bd4c8xow8)[[31]](#cite-id-04rze0djna89)[[32]](#cite-id-vzo9brio38) \n \n\n#### Hal Finney\n \n[Hal Finney](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hal-finney) (4 May 1956 – 28 August 2014) was a pre-bitcoin cryptographic pioneer and the first person (other than Nakamoto himself) to use the software, file bug reports, and make improvements. He also lived a few [blocks](https://iq.wiki/wiki/block) from Dorian Nakamoto's family home, according to Forbes journalist Andy Greenberg. Greenberg asked the writing analysis consultancy Juola & Associates to compare a sample of Finney's writing to Satoshi Nakamoto's, and they found that it was the closest resemblance they had yet come across (including the candidates suggested by *Newsweek*, *Fast Company*, *The New Yorker*, Ted Nelson and Skye Grey). \n \nGreenberg theorized that Finney might have been a ghostwriter on behalf of Nakamoto, or that he simply used his neighbor Dorian's identity as a \"drop\" or \"patsy whose personal information was used to hide online exploits\". However, after meeting Finney, seeing the emails between him and Nakamoto, his [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) wallet's history including the very first [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) transaction (from Nakamoto to him, which he forgot to pay back), and hearing his denial, Greenberg concluded Finney was telling the truth. Juola & Associates also found that Nakamoto's emails to Finney more closely resemble Nakamoto's other writings than Finney's do. Finney's fellow extropian and sometimes co-blogger Robin Hanson assigned a subjective probability of \"at least\" 15% that \"Hal was more involved than he’s said\" before further evidence suggested that was not the case.[[33]](#cite-id-kjjxwpqbp7f)[[34]](#cite-id-zvmqp3vni)[[35]](#cite-id-3s1pk3e35ls)[[36]](#cite-id-pgipd694xze)[[37]](#cite-id-r00hb1q812) \n \n\n#### Craig Steven Wright\nOn December 9, 2015, *Wired* wrote that [Craig Steven Wright](https://iq.wiki/wiki/craig-wright), an Australian former academic, \"either invented [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) or is a brilliant hoaxer who very badly wants us to believe he did\". [Craig Wright](https://iq.wiki/wiki/craig-wright) took down his Twitter account and neither he nor his ex-wife responded to press inquiries. The same day, Gizmodo published a story with evidence obtained by a hacker who supposedly broke into Wright's email accounts, claiming that Satoshi Nakamoto was a joint pseudonym for Craig Steven Wright and computer forensics analyst David Kleiman, who died in 2013. Several prominent [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) promoters remained unconvinced by the reports. Subsequent reports also raised the possibility that the evidence provided was an elaborate hoax, which *Wired* acknowledged \"cast doubt\" on their suggestion that Wright was Nakamoto.[[38]](#cite-id-4w6c6uf8r9p)[[39]](#cite-id-jtpwr0mdi4)[[40]](#cite-id-bo43hmqtgdt)[[41]](#cite-id-hrrsp53kvc) \n \nOn December 9, only hours after *Wired* claimed Wright was Nakamoto, Wright's home in Gordon, New South Wales was raided by at least ten police officers. His business premises in Ryde, New South Wales were also searched by the police. The Australian Federal Police stated they conducted searches to assist the Australian Taxation Office and that \"This matter is unrelated to recent media reporting regarding the digital currency bitcoin.\" According to a document released by Gizmodo alleged to be a transcript of a meeting between Wright and the ATO, he had been involved in a taxation dispute with them for several years.[[42]](#cite-id-fpz8cp37dtn)[[43]](#cite-id-g8agjif7xc9)[[44]](#cite-id-jxw1h238y6s)[[45]](#cite-id-bva03igjlvm) \n \nOn May 2, 2016, [Craig Wright](https://iq.wiki/wiki/craig-wright) posted on his blog publicly claiming to be Satoshi Nakamoto. In articles released on the same day, journalists from the BBC and The Economist stated that they saw Wright signing a message using the private key associated with the first [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) transaction.  Wright's claim was supported by Jon Matonis (former director of the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) [Foundation](https://iq.wiki/wiki/foundation)) and Bitcoin developer [Gavin Andresen](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gavin-andresen), both of whom met Wright and witnessed a similar signing demonstration. \n \nHowever, bitcoin developer [Peter Todd](https://iq.wiki/wiki/peter-todd) said that Wright's blog post, which appeared to contain cryptographic proof, actually contained nothing of the sort. The Bitcoin Core project released a statement on Twitter saying \"There is currently no publicly available cryptographic proof that anyone in particular is Bitcoin's creator.\" Bitcoin developer [Jeff Garzik](https://iq.wiki/wiki/jeff-garzik) agreed that evidence publicly provided by Wright does not prove anything, and security researcher Dan Kaminsky concluded Wright's claim was \"intentional scammery\".[[46]](#cite-id-zk3akpn696g)[[47]](#cite-id-kd0b1fwhx4)[[48]](#cite-id-jk8htpx3i8k)[[49]](#cite-id-fmdhxi4wg8a) \n \nOn May 4, 2016, Wright made another post on his blog promising to publish \"a series of pieces that will lay the foundations for this extraordinary claim\". But the following day, he deleted all his blog posts and replaced them with a notice entitled \"I'm Sorry\", which read in part: \n \n> I believed that I could put the years of anonymity and hiding behind me. But, as the events of this week unfolded and I prepared to publish the proof of access to the earliest keys, I broke. I do\n\nIn March 2024 the High Court in London, in a case brought by the Crypto Open Patent Alliance and related parties, ruled that Wright is not Satoshi Nakamoto, is not the author of the Bitcoin white paper, and did not create the Bitcoin system or its initial software.[[68]](#cite-id-5d1l5onu9e) The written judgment issued in May 2024 found that Wright had repeatedly lied to the court and relied on forged documents in support of his claim, describing his assertion that he was Satoshi as his “biggest lie”.[[68]](#cite-id-5d1l5onu9e) The ruling has been widely reported as closing off Wright’s longstanding assertion that he is Satoshi, while leaving the true identity of Satoshi Nakamoto unresolved.[[69]](#cite-id-1fffjgai4x)\n\n#### Other Personalities\n \nIn a 2011 article in *The New Yorker*, Joshua Davis claimed to have narrowed down the identity of Nakamoto to several possible individuals, including the Finnish economic sociologist Dr. Vili Lehdonvirta and Irish student Michael Clear, then a graduate student in cryptography at Trinity College Dublin. Clear strongly denied he was Nakamoto, as did Lehdonvirta. \n \nIn October 2011, writing for Fast Company, investigative journalist Adam Penenberg cited circumstantial evidence suggesting Neal King, Vladimir Oksman and Charles Bry could be Nakamoto. They jointly filed a patent application that contained the phrase \"computationally impractical to reverse\" in 2008, which was also used in the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) white paper by Nakamoto. The domain name bitcoin.org was registered three days after the patent was filed. All three men denied being Nakamoto when contacted by Penenberg.[[50]](#cite-id-iwjptj9ai4r)[[51]](#cite-id-emvxhrrswok) \n \nIn May 2013, Ted Nelson speculated that Nakamoto was Japanese mathematician Shinichi Mochizuki. Later, an article was published in The Age newspaper that claimed that Mochizuki denied these speculations, but without attributing a source for the denial. \n \nA 2013 article, in *Vice,* listed [Gavin Andresen](https://iq.wiki/wiki/gavin-andresen), [Jed McCaleb](https://iq.wiki/wiki/jed-mccaleb), or a government agency as possible candidates to be Nakamoto. Dustin D. Trammell, a Texas-based security researcher, was suggested as Nakamoto, but he publicly denied it. \n \nIn 2013, two Israeli mathematicians, Dorit Ron, and Adi Shamir, published a paper claiming a link between Nakamoto and Ross William Ulbricht. The two based their suspicion on an analysis of the network of bitcoin transactions, but later retracted their claim. \n \nSome considered Nakamoto might be a team of people; Dan Kaminsky, a security researcher who read the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) code, said that Nakamoto could either be a \"team of people\" or a \"genius\"; [Laszlo Hanyecz](https://iq.wiki/wiki/laszlo-hanyecz), a former [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) core developer who had emailed Nakamoto, had the feeling the code was too well designed for one person. \n \nA 2017 article, published on the website CryptoCoinsNews espoused the possibility of SpaceX and Tesla CEO [Elon Musk](https://iq.wiki/wiki/elon-musk) being the real Satoshi, as bitcoin was written by someone with a mastery of C++, a language heavily used at SpaceX. However, it also pointed to sometimes negative comments by Musk towards Bitcoin as well as personal struggles Musk was going through around the time [Bitcoin ](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin-btc)emerged.[[52]](#cite-id-kayw2f4e3dh)[[53]](#cite-id-3uo1lhrfp3d) \n \nAt the end of August 2019, a marketing and public relations (PR) agency, Ivy McLemore & Associates, published a press release that featured a man from Pakistan named Bilal Khalid who claimed he invented [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin). While the Pakistani Bilal Khalid who is also referred to as James Caan or James Bilal Caan provided no proof, the public relations agency’s founder Ivy Mclemore published a book called “Finding Satoshi: The Real Story Behind Mysterious Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto.” The book's description did not mention Khalid by name but stated: \n \n> \"The book gives readers the unique opportunity to join a reporter on the search of a lifetime for the creator of the world’s best-performing investment. It looks at 40 candidates and leads to a little-known, under-the-radar suspect with stunning, previously untold secrets only Bitcoin’s creator could know.\" \n \nOver the years, there have been many claimants that had said they were Satoshi Nakamoto but in more recent times claims like this had subsided. Before 2020, individuals like the Hawaiian Nakamoto, [Phil](https://iq.wiki/wiki/phil) Wilson ‘Scronty,’ Debo Jurgen Etienne Guido, and Jörg Molt had all claimed to be Bitcoin’s inventor. No one had heard from the Hawaiian Nakamoto, both Scronty and Debo continued to tweet about Bitcoin’s origins, and Jörg Molt was arrested for an alleged crypto pension fraud. Moreover, most of the crypto community forgot about Khalid’s story, after he was unable to provide any legitimate proof backing his claims.[[54]](#cite-id-php6ea4606q) \n \n\n## HBO Documentary on Satoshi's Identity\nOn October 3, 2024, HBO released a trailer for its upcoming documentary called - \"Money Electric: The [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) Mystery\" which claimed to have cracked the true identity of Satoshi Nakamoto.[[57]](#cite-id-ar3gcc9bub) \n $$widget0 [YOUTUBE@VID](iSF0KGsFuI8)$$ \nThe documentary is a work of Emmy-nominated Cullen Hoback, who received critical acclaim for his series \"Q: Into the Storm,\" which exposed the creators of the QAnon conspiracy theory. The big reveal is scheduled to air on Tuesday, October 8, 2024.[[58]](#cite-id-rs2cprcfyv) \n \nIn his interview with Fast Company, Hoback shared his thoughts on why unveiling the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto was important; \n \n> \"There’s real value in figuring this out. I think there’s a narrative that exists that Satoshi disappeared and was never heard from again. I think if Satoshi is actively involved in driving global [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) adoption, rendering themselves the richest person on Earth? That’s a different story. You know how we used to rely on a gold standard? There’s a drive right now to rely on a [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) standard, and it would be like one unknown person controlling one-twentieth of all the gold \n> \n> Just having this massive stockpile, because Bitcoin is being baked into the backbone of countries now, it’s being used as legal tender in some places. It’s being used in 401(k)s. It’s now being traded on Wall Street. This question of whether or not there’s an anonymous figure out there who controls a giant share of Bitcoin becomes increasingly relevant. And I think this is very important, and this is one of the things I kept coming back to, is that Satoshi could have destroyed their stash in a public way for everyone to see. Assuming they were alive, this is something they could have done. This would have been good for, you know, sort of Satoshi’s security and for the security and longevity of Bitcoin. But Satoshi didn’t do that—which means that the possibility still exists. \n> \n> So, trying to understand who is behind this, whether or not they would pull that lever, is very important.\"[[59]](#cite-id-zzzrnk19bf) \n \nContemporary coverage described *Money Electric* as presenting a detailed theory about Satoshi’s identity while stopping short of offering cryptographic or otherwise definitive proof linking any individual to the known Satoshi private keys. Commentators framed Hoback’s conclusion as a hypothesis rather than a settled finding and emphasized that, without such proof, the film did not resolve the long-running debate over Bitcoin’s creator and that Satoshi Nakamoto’s identity remained unproven.[[63]](#cite-id-yhokedlvvp)\n\n### Peter Todd Named\nOn October 9, 2024, HBO’s documentary 'Money Electric: The [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) Mystery' identified [Peter Todd](https://iq.wiki/wiki/peter-todd) as the pseudonymous creator.[[60]](#cite-id-5jih2c7wl2h) \n \n[Peter Todd](https://iq.wiki/wiki/peter-todd) is an early contributor to the [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) codebase, Todd is among a few individuals who communicated directly with Satoshi before their disappearance in 2011. He previously confirmed that he was in his early teens when he started communication with [Hal Finney](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hal-finney) and [Adam Back](https://iq.wiki/wiki/adam-back), two prominent [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) pioneers.[[61]](#cite-id-e1necbw91je) \n \nCoverage of the documentary stressed that, despite naming Todd in its climactic scene, the film itself stopped short of claiming cryptographic or otherwise incontrovertible proof that he is Satoshi and instead presented Hoback’s case as a theory built from circumstantial evidence, linguistic comparison, and timing of online activity.[[63]](#cite-id-yhokedlvvp) Media reports emphasized that no new signatures with early Bitcoin keys or comparable technical demonstrations were offered to settle the question. \n \nOn camera, Todd characterized the accusation as “ludicrous” and, in emails and social media posts following the broadcast, repeatedly and categorically denied being Satoshi, stating “For the record, I am not Satoshi.”[[63]](#cite-id-yhokedlvvp)[[64]](#cite-id-5upl4ms050) He accused the documentary of using the Satoshi claim as a way to attract attention and promote the film, and argued in later commentary that “bait-and-switch” reporting around Satoshi investigations amounts to exploiting developers and the broader ecosystem.[[64]](#cite-id-5upl4ms050)[[65]](#cite-id-m58b6pdiss) \n \nTodd has also argued that attempts to unmask Satoshi are dangerous because they can falsely portray ordinary developers as multibillionaires, creating incentives for harassment, robbery, or kidnapping. In interviews and public posts he warned that “Satoshi obviously didn't want to be found, for good reasons” and that no one should assist efforts to identify them, describing the ongoing hunt as both “dumb” and a personal security risk for those targeted.[[63]](#cite-id-yhokedlvvp)[[64]](#cite-id-5upl4ms050)[[65]](#cite-id-m58b6pdiss) \n \nAccording to reporting, the unwanted attention and security concerns that followed the documentary’s release led Todd to go into hiding, as he anticipated ongoing harassment and requests for money from people who took the Satoshi theory at face value.[[64]](#cite-id-5upl4ms050) Commentators also noted that many Bitcoin developers and observers viewed *Money Electric* as another entry in a long series of competing Satoshi-identification narratives and did not treat it as conclusively resolving the question of who created Bitcoin.[[63]](#cite-id-yhokedlvvp) \n \nHowever, in response to a thread on X originally posted by [BitMEX](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitmex) Research, Todd denies the claim saying;  \n \n> \"I'm not Satoshi.\"[[62]](#cite-id-089pidlxyoq9)\n\n### Later Debates on Authorship\n \nSubsequent analyses and documentaries continued to propose competing theories about Satoshi’s authorship, often building on stylometric and historical arguments rather than new technical evidence. A 2026 documentary titled *Finding Satoshi* argued that [Bitcoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitcoin) was co-authored by [Hal Finney](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hal-finney) and Len Sassaman, while a separate stylometric analysis published the same month contended that the white paper and related writings best matched a two-author model of [Hal Finney](https://iq.wiki/wiki/hal-finney) and [Peter Todd](https://iq.wiki/wiki/peter-todd).[[66]](#cite-id-t4r4hmb3e8) Both works explicitly acknowledged that they did not offer cryptographic proof and that their conclusions were probabilistic and contested, and commentators stressed that, despite narrowing or reshaping the list of plausible candidates, these efforts left Satoshi Nakamoto’s identity unresolved.","summary":"Satoshi Nakamoto is the anonymous creator of Bitcoin and the first blockchain database, and is speculated to own approximately one million bitcoins.","categories":[{"id":"people","title":"People in crypto"}],"promoted":0,"tags":[{"id":"Founders"},{"id":"Glossary"}],"metadata":[{"id":"references","value":"[{\"id\":\"ia82589d2hp\",\"url\":\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emDJTGTrEm0\",\"description\":\"I Think I Know Who Satoshi Is\",\"timestamp\":1660121298583},{\"id\":\"lpnhlm48469\",\"url\":\"https://www.theage.com.au/technology/the-outlaw-cult-20130709-2po5j.html\",\"description\":\"The outlaw cult\",\"timestamp\":1660121324498},{\"id\":\"fpy7k4k8pdn\",\"url\":\"https://archive.nytimes.com/bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/23/study-suggests-link-between-dread-pirate-roberts-and-satoshi-nakamoto/\",\"description\":\"Study Suggests Link Between Dread Pirate Roberts and Satoshi\",\"timestamp\":1660121386586},{\"id\":\"0eak33rsfabf\",\"url\":\"https://www.businessinsider.com/silk-road-satoshi-paper-retraction-2013-11?r=US&IR=T\",\"description\":\"Researchers Retract Claim Of Link Between\",\"timestamp\":1660121418483},{\"id\":\"xeagq0o0ck\",\"url\":\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/apr/07/bitcoin-scares-banks-governments\",\"description\":\"Why Bitcoin scares banks and governments\",\"timestamp\":1660121445931},{\"id\":\"mss7tndv1l\",\"url\":\"https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/emails/cryptography/15/\",\"description\":\"Satoshi Nakamoto Institute\\n\",\"timestamp\":1660121479233},{\"id\":\"f6hiudnv4tb\",\"url\":\"https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2014/11/23/how-dangerous-is-satoshi-nakamoto/\",\"description\":\"How Dangerous is Satoshi Nakamoto?\",\"timestamp\":1660121512994},{\"id\":\"2xy2mymfal7\",\"url\":\"https://steemit.com/bitcoin/@sames/satoshi-nakamoto-has-got-richer-in-theory\",\"description\":\"Satoshi Nakamoto has got richer in theory\",\"timestamp\":1660121538705},{\"id\":\"kloagjldbt\",\"url\":\"https://www.gwern.net/docs/bitcoin/2008-nakamoto\",\"description\":\"https://www.gwern.net/docs/bitcoin/2008-nakamoto\",\"timestamp\":1660121586121},{\"id\":\"r1g5qgs03kj\",\"url\":\"http://www.eurocheddar.com/profiles-in-europe/satoshi-nakamoto-creator-bitcoin/\",\"description\":\"Satoshi Nakamoto – Creator of Bitcoin\",\"timestamp\":1660121654104},{\"id\":\"nndkh797o4\",\"url\":\"https://www.mail-archive.com/search?l=cryptography%40metzdowd.com&q=from%3A%22Satoshi+Nakamoto%22\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin P2P eCash paper\",\"timestamp\":1660121696989},{\"id\":\"u2dbvnvpkz\",\"url\":\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/10/10/the-crypto-currency\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin and its mysterious inventor\",\"timestamp\":1660121723591},{\"id\":\"kzlauno3h1\",\"url\":\"https://www.fastcompany.com/1785445/bitcoin-crypto-currency-mystery-reopened\",\"description\":\"The Bitcoin Crypto-Currency Mystery Reopened\",\"timestamp\":1660121751575},{\"id\":\"habdpas434j\",\"url\":\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gavin-andresen-bitcoin_n_3093316\",\"description\":\"Gavin Andresen, Bitcoin Architect\",\"timestamp\":1660121771775},{\"id\":\"gebh08uw1v7\",\"url\":\"http://web.archive.org/web/20120529203623/http://p2pfoundation.ning.com/profile/SatoshiNakamoto\",\"description\":\"Satoshi Nakamoto's Page\",\"timestamp\":1660121857511},{\"id\":\"n4zsa447kuc\",\"url\":\"https://techcrunch.com/2013/12/05/who-is-the-real-satoshi-nakamoto-one-researcher-may-have-found-the-answer/\",\"description\":\"Who Is The Real Satoshi Nakamoto?\",\"timestamp\":1660121994327},{\"id\":\"6t20mtm1xk4\",\"url\":\"https://likeinamirror.wordpress.com/2013/12/01/satoshi-nakamoto-is-probably-nick-szabo/\",\"description\":\"Satoshi Nakamoto is (probably) Nick Szabo\",\"timestamp\":1660122027342},{\"id\":\"ihgdqdy658\",\"url\":\"https://likeinamirror.wordpress.com/2014/03/11/occams-razor-who-is-most-likely-to-be-satoshi-nakamoto/\",\"description\":\"Occam’s Razor: who is most likely to be Satoshi Nakamoto?\",\"timestamp\":1660122045462},{\"id\":\"hljxn7d8ytn\",\"url\":\"http://cypherpunks.venona.com/date/1993/10/msg00759.html\",\"description\":\"Re: on anonymity, identity, reputation, and spoofing\",\"timestamp\":1660122072789},{\"id\":\"ihdzbc3hy1h\",\"url\":\"http://unenumerated.blogspot.com/2011/05/bitcoin-what-took-ye-so-long.html\",\"description\":\"Unenumerated\",\"timestamp\":1660122098950},{\"id\":\"1ltrbgl9pi\",\"url\":\"https://www.rt.com/shows/keiser-report/202535-episode-max-keiser-676/\",\"description\":\"Nick Szabo is (probably) Satoshi Nakamato\\\"\",\"timestamp\":1660122140661},{\"id\":\"64bps7p9f7h\",\"url\":\"https://www.newsweek.com/2014/03/14/face-behind-bitcoin-247957.html\",\"description\":\"The Face Behind Bitcoin\",\"timestamp\":1660122176644},{\"id\":\"kkc7bb80cl\",\"url\":\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/3nzqqh/hi_rbitcoin_i_am_dorian_nakamoto_ama\",\"description\":\"Hi r/bitcoin I am Dorian Nakamoto. AMA\",\"timestamp\":1660122217558},{\"id\":\"bpx1b94f80o\",\"url\":\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/03/06/bitcoin-community-responds-to-satoshi-nakamotos-outing-with-disbelief-anger-fascination/\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin Community Responds To Satoshi Nakamoto's 'Uncovering\",\"timestamp\":1660122253220},{\"id\":\"q1n40wo9l9\",\"url\":\"https://slate.com/technology/2014/03/the-real-satoshi-nakamoto-newsweek-finds-mysterious-bitcoin-creator-in-los-angeles.html\",\"description\":\"Newsweek Thinks It Found the Real “Satoshi Nakamoto”\",\"timestamp\":1660123104988},{\"id\":\"546cmvel2c6\",\"url\":\"http://p2pfoundation.ning.com/forum/topic/listForContributor?user=0ye0gncqg772o\",\"description\":\"Satoshi Nakamoto's Discussion\",\"timestamp\":1660123129670},{\"id\":\"nub2gbygbo\",\"url\":\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-la-sheriffs-say-satoshi-nakamoto-man-did-talk-about-bitcoin-to-newsweek-reporter-20140307-story.html\",\"description\":\"Newsweek Bitcoin story quoted Satoshi Nakamoto accurately\",\"timestamp\":1660123159365},{\"id\":\"dewrnbvzhy\",\"url\":\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/jp5dk8/the-satoshi-nakamoto-email-hacker-says-hes-negotiating-with-the-bitcoin-founder\",\"description\":\"The Satoshi Nakamoto Email Hacker Says He's Negotiating\",\"timestamp\":1660123183821},{\"id\":\"ko3vrf7tbg\",\"url\":\"https://www.reddit.com/r/Bitcoin/comments/3nzqqh/comment/cvt07wx/\",\"description\":\"\\\"Hi r/bitcoin I am Dorian Nakamoto.\",\"timestamp\":1660123303309},{\"id\":\"l2bd4c8xow8\",\"url\":\"https://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la-fi-tn-bitcoin-founder-la-chased-20140306-story.html\",\"description\":\"\\\"Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto chased by reporters, denies found..\",\"timestamp\":1660123375092},{\"id\":\"04rze0djna89\",\"url\":\"http://p2pfoundation.ning.com/forum/topics/bitcoin-open-source?commentId=2003008%3AComment%3A52186\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin open source implementation of P2P currency\",\"timestamp\":1660123415972},{\"id\":\"vzo9brio38\",\"url\":\"https://www.cnbc.com/2014/03/07/real-bitcoin-creator-i-am-not-dorian-nakamoto.html\",\"description\":\"Real’ bitcoin creator: ‘I am not Dorian Nakamoto’\",\"timestamp\":1660123440820},{\"id\":\"kjjxwpqbp7f\",\"url\":\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/01/03/hal-finney-received-the-first-bitcoin-transaction-heres-how-he-describes-it/\",\"description\":\"Hal Finney received the first Bitcoin transaction.\",\"timestamp\":1660123496164},{\"id\":\"zvmqp3vni\",\"url\":\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/andygreenberg/2014/03/25/satoshi-nakamotos-neighbor-the-bitcoin-ghostwriter-who-wasnt/\",\"description\":\"Nakamoto's Neighbor: My Hunt For Bitcoin's Creator\",\"timestamp\":1660123517571},{\"id\":\"3s1pk3e35ls\",\"url\":\"https://www.overcomingbias.com/2014/03/conspiracy-theory-up-close-personal.html\",\"description\":\"Conspiracy Theory, Up Close & Personal\",\"timestamp\":1660123544259},{\"id\":\"pgipd694xze\",\"url\":\"https://www.wired.com/2015/12/bitcoins-creator-satoshi-nakamoto-is-probably-this-unknown-australian-genius/\",\"description\":\"Is Bitcoin's Creator this Unknown Australian Genius?\",\"timestamp\":1660123569339},{\"id\":\"r00hb1q812\",\"url\":\"https://gizmodo.com/this-australian-says-he-and-his-dead-friend-invented-bi-1746958692\",\"description\":\"This Australian Says He and His Dead Friend invented Bitcoin\",\"timestamp\":1660123626506},{\"id\":\"4w6c6uf8r9p\",\"url\":\"https://www.ft.com/content/86f5ea0f-fc66-3ecb-8a9d-dca10cfd9fff\",\"description\":\"So, Satoshi is an Aussie?\",\"timestamp\":1660123659379},{\"id\":\"jtpwr0mdi4\",\"url\":\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/jpgq3y/satoshis-pgp-keys-are-probably-backdated-and-point-to-a-hoax\",\"description\":\"Satoshi's PGP Keys Are Probably Backdated\",\"timestamp\":1660123685890},{\"id\":\"bo43hmqtgdt\",\"url\":\"https://mashable.com/archive/bitcoin-satoshi-nakamoto-craig-wright\",\"description\":\"New chase for Bitcoin founder leaves everyone exhausted\",\"timestamp\":1660123706162},{\"id\":\"hrrsp53kvc\",\"url\":\"https://www.ccn.com/elon-musk-create-bitcoin-former-spacex-employee-thinks/\",\"description\":\"Did Elon Musk Create Bitcoin?\",\"timestamp\":1660123731434},{\"id\":\"fpz8cp37dtn\",\"url\":\"https://www.wired.com/2015/12/new-clues-suggest-satoshi-suspect-craig-wright-may-be-a-hoaxer/\",\"description\":\"New Clues Suggest Craig Wright, Suspected Bitcoin Creator,\",\"timestamp\":1660123800569},{\"id\":\"g8agjif7xc9\",\"url\":\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/dec/09/bitcoin-founder-craig-wrights-home-raided-by-australian-police\",\"description\":\"Reported bitcoin 'founder' Craig Wright's\",\"timestamp\":1660123834801},{\"id\":\"jxw1h238y6s\",\"url\":\"http://gavinandresen.ninja/satoshi\",\"description\":\"Satoshi\",\"timestamp\":1660123855625},{\"id\":\"bva03igjlvm\",\"url\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160505134626/http://gavinandresen.ninja/satoshi\",\"description\":\"Satoshi\",\"timestamp\":1660123881625},{\"id\":\"zk3akpn696g\",\"url\":\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2016/05/02/craig-wright-satoshi-nakamoto-doubt/\",\"description\":\"Craig Wright Claims He's Bitcoin Creator Satoshi\",\"timestamp\":1660123916944},{\"id\":\"kd0b1fwhx4\",\"url\":\"https://twitter.com/bitcoincoreorg/status/727079957537677312\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin Core Project\",\"timestamp\":1660123939305},{\"id\":\"jk8htpx3i8k\",\"url\":\"https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/craig-wright.asp\",\"description\":\"Who Is Craig Wright?\",\"timestamp\":1660123956129},{\"id\":\"fmdhxi4wg8a\",\"url\":\"https://www.vice.com/en/article/vv77z9/craig-wright-satoshi-nakamoto-evidence-signature-is-worthless\",\"description\":\"Craig Wright's New Evidence That He Is Satoshi\",\"timestamp\":1660123978121},{\"id\":\"iwjptj9ai4r\",\"url\":\"https://web.archive.org/web/20160504045648/http://www.drcraigwright.net/extraordinary-claims-require-extraordinary-proof/\",\"description\":\"Extraordinary Claims Require Extraordinary Proof \",\"timestamp\":1660124183112},{\"id\":\"emvxhrrswok\",\"url\":\"https://craigwright.net/\",\"description\":\"the original\",\"timestamp\":1660124214446},{\"id\":\"kayw2f4e3dh\",\"url\":\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/may/05/craig-wright-u-turn-on-pledge-to-provide-evidence-he-invented-bitcoin\",\"description\":\"Craig Wright U-turns on pledge to provide evidence\",\"timestamp\":1660124273159},{\"id\":\"3uo1lhrfp3d\",\"url\":\"https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v38/n13/andrew-o-hagan/the-satoshi-affair\",\"description\":\"The Satoshi Affair\",\"timestamp\":1660124298215},{\"id\":\"php6ea4606q\",\"url\":\"https://news.bitcoin.com/a-newly-published-book-claims-to-tell-the-real-story-behind-mysterious-bitcoin-creator/\",\"description\":\"A newly published Book claims..\",\"timestamp\":1673707470376},{\"id\":\"zg4o5ef6e3a\",\"url\":\"https://cointelegraph.com/news/tech-s-good-intentions-and-why-satoshi-s-new-social-order-foundered\",\"description\":\"Tech's good intentions and why Satoshi's new ..\",\"timestamp\":1673784511794},{\"id\":\"qwlxja3w53g\",\"url\":\"https://www.investopedia.com/tech/three-people-who-were-supposedly-bitcoin-founder-satoshi-nakamoto/\",\"description\":\"Investopedia - 3 People Who Were Supposedly Bitcoin Founder Satoshi Nakamoto\",\"timestamp\":1686646054352},{\"id\":\"ar3gcc9bub\",\"url\":\"https://www.bellmedia.ca/the-lede/press/hbo-original-documentary-money-electric-the-bitcoin-mystery-debuts-october-8/\",\"description\":\"HBO Original Documentary MONEY ELECTRIC: THE BITCOIN MYSTERY Debuts October 8\\n\",\"timestamp\":1728054832841},{\"id\":\"rs2cprcfyv\",\"url\":\"https://www.politico.eu/article/mystery-creator-bitcoin-identified-new-hbo-documentary-satoshi-nakamoto-crypto-currency/\",\"description\":\"Mystery creator of Bitcoin identified, new HBO documentary claims\",\"timestamp\":1728056238102},{\"id\":\"zzzrnk19bf\",\"url\":\"https://www.fastcompany.com/91201894/satoshi-nakamoto-hbo-bitcoin-documnetary-money-electric-trailer\",\"description\":\"Fast Company - HBO documentary and interview with Hoback\",\"timestamp\":1728056519381},{\"id\":\"5jih2c7wl2h\",\"url\":\"https://cointelegraph.com/news/peter-todd-who-is-the-man-hbo-named-satoshi\",\"description\":\"cointelegraph - who is peter todd\",\"timestamp\":1728473415546},{\"id\":\"e1necbw91je\",\"url\":\"https://cryptobriefing.com/peter-todd-satoshi-documentary/\",\"description\":\"cryptobriefing on Peter Todd\",\"timestamp\":1728473454370},{\"id\":\"089pidlxyoq9\",\"url\":\"https://x.com/peterktodd/status/1843789750983110697\",\"description\":\"Todd denying claim\",\"timestamp\":1728473536394},{\"id\":\"yhokedlvvp\",\"url\":\"https://www.wired.com/story/unmasking-bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto-again/\",\"description\":\"Unmasking Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto—Again | WIRED\",\"timestamp\":1790733686632},{\"id\":\"5upl4ms050\",\"url\":\"https://www.wired.com/story/peter-todd-was-unmasked-as-bitcoin-creator-satoshi-nakamoto-now-hes-in-hiding/\",\"description\":\"Peter Todd Was ‘Unmasked’ as Bitcoin Creator Satoshi Nakamoto. Now He’s in Hiding | WIRED\",\"timestamp\":1790733686632},{\"id\":\"m58b6pdiss\",\"url\":\"https://cryptonews.net/news/bitcoin/32676916/\",\"description\":\"Bitcoin Pioneer Peter Todd Clarifies His Position on Satoshi Documentary\",\"timestamp\":1790733686632},{\"id\":\"t4r4hmb3e8\",\"url\":\"https://eventhorizoniq.substack.com/p/finding-satoshi-says-the-answer-is\",\"description\":\"Finding Satoshi Says The Answer Is Finney and Sassaman. I Said Finney and Todd Ten Days Ago. Here Is Why The Math Picks Todd.\",\"timestamp\":1790733686632},{\"id\":\"zztrne3kql\",\"url\":\"https://www.digitaltoday.co.kr/en/view/106771/satoshi-1-1-million-bitcoin-holdings-claim-revisited-still-only-circumstantial-evidence\",\"description\":\"Satoshi 1–1.1 million bitcoin holdings claim revisited\",\"timestamp\":1790779675263},{\"id\":\"5d1l5onu9e\",\"url\":\"https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/COPA-v-Wright-Judgment.pdf\",\"description\":\"COPA v Wright Judgment\",\"timestamp\":1790779675263},{\"id\":\"1fffjgai4x\",\"url\":\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-68567320\",\"description\":\"UK court rules Craig Wright is not Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto\",\"timestamp\":1790779675263}]"},{"id":"previous_cid","value":"QmTpkZ53E4sCNpnW8jgY5kHFNmd1kF82t3gKjTEZftvWs8"},{"id":"commit-message","value":"Expand Satoshi Nakamoto article; add 557-word 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whitepaper outlining a peer-to-peer electronic cash system.","link":"","country":"","continent":"","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null,"id":"919c3293-8af8-4b29-ac30-15f6e91a6fce"},{"title":"Mined the Bitcoin genesis block","date":"2009-01-01","type":"DEFAULT","description":"Satoshi mines the Bitcoin network’s first block, known as the genesis block.","link":"","country":"","continent":"","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null,"id":"79d1cc79-2a06-4a21-90e0-3eea56ada351"},{"title":"Released Bitcoin v0.1","date":"2009-01-01","type":"DEFAULT","description":"Release of Bitcoin v0.1, the first public client for the Bitcoin network.","link":"","country":"","continent":"","multiDateStart":null,"multiDateEnd":null,"id":"f5c36890-e57b-4493-bcc4-238796f11df0"},{"title":"Sent first Bitcoin transaction to Hal Finney","date":"2009-01-01","type":"DEFAULT","description":"Satoshi sends the first-ever Bitcoin transaction to developer Hal 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