{"id":"rlusd","hidden":false,"ipfs":"QmRZdG4kxnkr6NDFjUR5BYTyWpd6kwaujje9jgbGU5a1nd","language":"en","transactionHash":"0xcdd9d598d6aeddc716d8193ab03fc27f14bf09bc2ca2b4fdb7391f20eb3d3332","created":"2024-12-12T23:40:13.312Z","updated":"2025-08-22T11:46:57.205Z","title":"RLUSD","summary":"RLUSD is a USD-pegged stablecoin issued via Ripple’s Standard Custody trust company to support institutional payments and liquidity.","content":"**RLUSD** (Ripple USD) is a United States dollar–pegged [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) issued by Standard Custody & Trust Company, a [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs)-owned trust company chartered by the New York Department of Financial Services (NYDFS).[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[4\\]](#cite-id-82afzflf36) Launched on 17 December 2024 on the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum), it is positioned as an institutional [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) for cross-border payments and liquidity, complementary to [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) in Ripple’s product suite.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) \n\n## Overview\n\nRLUSD (Ripple USD) is a fiat‑backed [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) created by [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) to support institutional payments, liquidity management, and [decentralized finance (DeFi)](https://iq.wiki/wiki/decentralized_finance) activity.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) It was first introduced in June 2024 and entered private beta testing on the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet) in August 2024.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc) [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) has stated that RLUSD targets large financial institutions and payment providers, emphasizing compliance, regulatory oversight, and integration into existing institutional workflows.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh)​\n\nRipple positions RLUSD as complementary to [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp): RLUSD provides a dollar‑denominated settlement asset, while [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) is used as a bridge asset and source of on‑demand liquidity.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc) RLUSD is issued natively on the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) and is available on additional networks via the [Wormhole](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wormhole) cross‑chain messaging protocol, enabling transfers and liquidity provision on more than 40 supported [blockchains](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain).[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) Its primary use cases include institutional cross‑border payments, treasury and [collateral](https://iq.wiki/wiki/collateral) management, on and off‑ramps for digital‑asset trading venues, and participation in DeFi protocols on supported chains.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh)​\n\n## History\n\nRLUSD was first introduced by [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) in June 2024, with the company outlining plans for a fiat‑backed [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) issued under a New York trust‑company license.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc) In August 2024, RLUSD entered private beta testing on the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) [mainnet](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mainnet), ahead of a full public launch.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc) \n\nRLUSD was officially launched on December 17, 2024, on the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum).[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu) By early June 2025, the [circulating supply](https://iq.wiki/wiki/circulating-supply) had grown to approximately $320.6 million, a roughly sixfold increase from the initial float at launch, with weekly transfer volumes approaching prior peaks above $700 million.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu) In parallel, [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) continued to position RLUSD within its institutional payments stack and announced plans to broaden chain support and DeFi integrations over time.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​\n\nIn August 2025, [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) and SBI Holdings signed a memorandum of understanding to bring RLUSD to the Japanese market by early 2026, with distribution through SBI VC Trade, SBI’s licensed crypto‑asset exchange.[\\[3\\]](#cite-id-2oSVro2Y5t) Limited rollout of RLUSD to select Japanese users began in March 2026 in coordination with SBI VC Trade while regulatory approvals were being finalized.[\\[8\\]](#cite-id-f4recmhf1o) On June 25, 2026, Japan’s Financial Services Agency (JFSA) granted RLUSD Type 4 electronic payment instrument status, enabling a broader launch via SBI VC Trade as Japan’s first foreign USD [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) approved under this regime.[\\[7\\]](#cite-id-4vk7o1rptj)​[\\[8\\]](#cite-id-f4recmhf1o) By the end of the second quarter of 2026, RLUSD had expanded across North America, the Middle East, and Asia, with a reported supply of approximately $1.5–1.54 billion, rising from an initial float at launch to more than $320 million by June 2025 and reaching an on‑chain all‑time high of about $1.7 billion in May 2026.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) Over the same period, RLUSD expanded from its initial XRP Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) deployments to multichain availability via the [Wormhole](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wormhole) protocol, enabling transfers and liquidity provision on more than 40 interoperable networks.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh)​\n\n## Design and Mechanism\n\nRLUSD is designed to maintain a 1:1 peg with the US dollar, backed by reserves consisting of US dollar cash deposits, short‑term US government treasuries, and other cash‑equivalent instruments.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc) The reserves are held in segregated accounts at Bank of New York Mellon under the custody of Standard Custody & Trust Company, which issues and redeems RLUSD under its New York trust‑company charter.[\\[4\\]](#cite-id-82afzflf36) A third‑party accounting firm provides monthly attestations on the size and composition of the reserve portfolio, which [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) and Standard Custody publish to demonstrate that outstanding tokens are fully backed by high‑quality liquid assets.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh)​\n\nMinting and redemption of RLUSD occur off‑chain through Standard Custody, which accepts US dollar deposits from eligible institutional clients and issues an equivalent amount of RLUSD on supported [blockchains](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blockchain), or redeems RLUSD for dollars upon verified requests.[\\[4\\]](#cite-id-82afzflf36)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) On‑chain, RLUSD functions as a standard fungible token, with account balances and transfers governed by each host network’s native token standard and consensus rules. RLUSD is issued natively on the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) and is integrated with the [Wormhole](https://iq.wiki/wiki/wormhole) interoperability protocol, which allows RLUSD to be represented and transferred on more than 40 additional networks via wrapped or bridged representations, while the core reserve management and redemption logic remain centralized with Standard Custody.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) incorporates RLUSD into its cross‑border payment products, in which RLUSD can serve as a dollar‑denominated settlement asset alongside [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp), which is used as a bridge asset and for liquidity provisioning.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​\n\n## Tokenomics and Distribution\n\nIn the week ending June 8, 2025, RLUSD’s [circulating supply](https://iq.wiki/wiki/circulating-supply) increased by 29%, adding $72.5 million and surpassing the $300 million threshold to close at $320.6 million.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu) This represented approximately a sixfold increase in the token’s float since its launch on December 17, 2024.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu) Supply growth was driven by net new issuance rather than token burns or re‑issuance, as [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) did not conduct redemptions that reduced supply during this period.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu) Despite this expansion, RLUSD represented about 0.1% of the global [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) market, estimated at around $236 billion in mid‑2025.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​\n\nAccording to Q2 2026 data, RLUSD’s supply continued to grow through 2025 and 2026, reaching an on‑chain all‑time high of approximately $1.7 billion in May 2026 before stabilizing around $1.5–1.54 billion by the end of the second quarter of 2026.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) Over this period, weekly transfer volume also expanded, with one snapshot in early June 2025 showing a 38% rise in transfer volume to $648.1 million, close to a peak weekly volume of $741 million recorded between April 21 and 27, 2025.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu) As of mid‑2026, roughly 80–82% of RLUSD supply was held on [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) and 18–20% on the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger, while the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger accounted for an estimated 88% of RLUSD’s on‑ledger [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) liquidity due to its use in [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs)’s payment flows.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) RLUSD is listed on several centralized and decentralized trading venues, where it is used for spot trading pairs, as [collateral](https://iq.wiki/wiki/collateral) in margin and derivatives markets, and as a settlement asset in institutional payment and treasury operations.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) RLUSD has no fixed maximum supply; issuance and redemptions are demand‑driven, with tokens minted and burned elastically against the underlying reserve assets for eligible institutional clients.\n\n## Partnerships\n\n​[Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) has developed a network of exchange, payment, and market‑infrastructure partners to support RLUSD’s liquidity and distribution. In October 2024, ahead of the public launch, [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs) announced partnerships with several trading platforms, including Uphold, [Bitstamp](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bitstamp), Bitso, [MoonPay](https://iq.wiki/wiki/moonpay), Independent Reserve, CoinMENA, and [Bullish](https://iq.wiki/wiki/bullish), to list RLUSD and facilitate access for institutional and professional users.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc) Liquidity support was arranged with market makers such as B2C2 and Keyrock to help maintain orderly markets across supported venues.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​\n\nIn the Middle East, RLUSD’s DFSA and FSRA approvals enabled collaborations with regional exchanges and payment providers operating in the Dubai International Financial Centre and the Abu Dhabi Global Market, respectively, integrating RLUSD into institutional settlement and custody offerings.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[6\\]](#cite-id-0focxww94y) In Japan, RLUSD is distributed through SBI VC Trade under a partnership between Ripple and SBI Holdings, with SBI VC Trade acting as the licensed exchange handling customer onboarding and compliance.[\\[3\\]](#cite-id-2oSVro2Y5t)​[\\[7\\]](#cite-id-4vk7o1rptj)​\n\nRipple also positions RLUSD as infrastructure for institutional [tokenization](https://iq.wiki/wiki/tokenization) and payments initiatives. RLUSD is referenced in collaborations with asset‑management and trading firms such as [BlackRock’s BUIDL](https://iq.wiki/wiki/blackrock-buidl) [tokenization](https://iq.wiki/wiki/tokenization) platform and LMAX Group’s institutional trading venues, as well as in payment integrations with providers including Flutterwave in Africa and Mastercard‑linked settlement programs, where RLUSD can function as a dollar‑denominated settlement token.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) Additional partnerships reported in Q2 2026 include listings on Turkish and Gulf‑region exchanges and integrations with regional payment processors that use RLUSD as [collateral](https://iq.wiki/wiki/collateral) or a bridge asset for cross‑border transactions.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh)​\n\n## Regulation\n\nRLUSD is issued under the supervision of US and foreign regulators through its issuer, Standard Custody & Trust Company, a NYDFS‑chartered limited purpose trust company acquired by [Ripple](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ripple-labs).[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[4\\]](#cite-id-82afzflf36) In December 2024, the New York Department of Financial Services formally approved RLUSD as a dollar‑backed [stablecoin](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) issued under this trust framework.[\\[2\\]](#cite-id-9Nt5laQfsc)​\n\nDays before RLUSD’s supply surpassed $300 million in June 2025, the Dubai Financial Services Authority (DFSA) approved RLUSD for use within the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC).[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu) Ripple indicated that DFSA approval would allow up to 7,000 locally regulated firms in the DIFC to integrate RLUSD into payment and settlement flows through Ripple’s DFSA‑licensed platforms, supporting its role in UAE‑based institutional payment and custody services.[\\[1\\]](#cite-id-WIttSrc4nu)​[\\[4\\]](#cite-id-82afzflf36) In Abu Dhabi, the Abu Dhabi Global Market (ADGM) Financial Services Regulatory Authority (FSRA) recognized RLUSD as a fiat‑referenced token, enabling its use by licensed institutions within the ADGM financial free zone subject to FSRA rules on issuance, redemption, and reserve management.[\\[6\\]](#cite-id-0focxww94y)​\n\nIn Japan, RLUSD is distributed through SBI VC Trade under Japan’s amended Payment Services Act, which established a framework for issuing and handling [stablecoins](https://iq.wiki/wiki/stablecoin) categorized as electronic payment instruments.[\\[3\\]](#cite-id-2oSVro2Y5t) In June 2026, Japan’s Financial Services Agency (JFSA) granted RLUSD Type 4 electronic payment instrument status, making it the first foreign‑issued USD stablecoin approved under this category.[\\[7\\]](#cite-id-4vk7o1rptj)​[\\[8\\]](#cite-id-f4recmhf1o) Under the initial JFSA authorization, RLUSD is offered in Japan via SBI VC Trade on [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) only, with individual transaction and holding limits around 1 million yen and additional constraints on use for remittances pending further regulatory review.[\\[7\\]](#cite-id-4vk7o1rptj)​[\\[8\\]](#cite-id-f4recmhf1o)​\n\nIn the European Union, Ripple obtained authorization as a crypto‑asset service provider (CASP) in Luxembourg under the Markets in Crypto‑Assets Regulation ([MiCA](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mica)), allowing it to offer RLUSD‑related services such as custody and trading to institutional clients in the European Economic Area.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) As of the end of Q2 2026, RLUSD did not hold [MiCA](https://iq.wiki/wiki/mica) electronic money token (EMT) authorization, so it was not treated as an EU‑regulated e‑money stablecoin and generally was not listed on regulated EU retail exchanges that require EMT status, although Ripple indicated that an EMT application for RLUSD was under consideration.[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh) According to a Q2 2026 industry report, outstanding questions included the timeline for converting Ripple’s conditional OCC trust charter into a full national charter, the potential granting of MiCA EMT status to RLUSD in the European Union, whether Japan’s initial transaction and holding caps for RLUSD under the Type 4 regime will be relaxed over time, and how RLUSD supply and liquidity will continue to balance between the [XRP](https://iq.wiki/wiki/xrp) Ledger and [Ethereum](https://iq.wiki/wiki/ethereum) as adoption evolves.[\\[7\\]](#cite-id-4vk7o1rptj)​[\\[5\\]](#cite-id-3hoez04hqh)​\n","recentActivity":null,"operator":{"id":"0x1E23b34d3106F0C1c74D17f2Cd0F65cdb039b138"},"categories":[{"id":"cryptoassets","title":"Cryptoassets"}],"tags":[{"id":"Stablecoin"},{"id":"Token"},{"id":"Ethereum"},{"id":"Solana"},{"id":"Base"}],"images":[{"id":"QmPW7gFZcynwSZXRoeykiVaLQVDaeXPJXM3kqftWDb6hUZ","type":"image/jpeg, image/png"}],"media":[],"linkedWikis":{"founders":["chris-larsen"],"blockchains":["ethereum","base","optimism","ink","unichain"],"speakers":[]},"events":[{"title":"Ripple introduces RLUSD stablecoin 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details\",\"timestamp\":1749514494056},{\"id\":\"2oSVro2Y5t\",\"url\":\"https://decrypt.co/336380/ripple-sbi-to-launch-rlusd-stablecoin-japan-early-2026\",\"description\":\"Ripple and SBI to launch RLUSD in Japan\",\"timestamp\":1755863202613},{\"id\":\"82afzflf36\",\"url\":\"https://www.uaeadvisorguide.com/2026/05/what-is-rlusd-ripples-regulated-stablecoin-in-uae.html\",\"description\":\"RLUSD in the UAE\",\"timestamp\":1789785394826},{\"id\":\"3hoez04hqh\",\"url\":\"https://stablecoininsider.org/rlusd-q2-2026-report-supply-growth-regulatory-wins-and-a-three-jurisdiction-footprint/\",\"description\":\"RLUSD Q2 2026 report\",\"timestamp\":1789785394826},{\"id\":\"0focxww94y\",\"url\":\"https://bitrss.com/ripple-s-rlusd-stablecoin-gains-approval-for-use-in-abu-dhabi-s-financial-hub-154251\",\"description\":\"RLUSD ADGM approval\",\"timestamp\":1789785394826},{\"id\":\"4vk7o1rptj\",\"url\":\"https://license.aiying.cc/en/japan/japan-jfsa-approves-ripple-rlusd-stablecoin-type4/\",\"description\":\"JFSA approves RLUSD\",\"timestamp\":1789785394826},{\"id\":\"f4recmhf1o\",\"url\":\"https://stablecoininsider.org/ripples-rlusd-goes-live-in-japan-after-jfsa-approval-as-first-type-4-electronic-payment-instrument\",\"description\":\"RLUSD JFSA launch report\",\"timestamp\":1789785394826}]"},{"id":"previous_cid","value":"QmRZdG4kxnkr6NDFjUR5BYTyWpd6kwaujje9jgbGU5a1nd"},{"id":"commit-message","value":"Update RLUSD wiki: expand summary (+857w), revise timeline, add tags"},{"id":"previous_cid","value":"QmRZdG4kxnkr6NDFjUR5BYTyWpd6kwaujje9jgbGU5a1nd"}],"user":{"id":"0x8af7a19a26d8fbc48defb35aefb15ec8c407f889"},"author":{"id":"0x1E23b34d3106F0C1c74D17f2Cd0F65cdb039b138"},"views":1283}